{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416730766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","title":"Incidents of sudden death during restraint of agitated individuals in Sweden between 1992 and 2024","display_name":"Incidents of sudden death during restraint of agitated individuals in Sweden between 1992 and 2024","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416730766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41292063","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12967712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1556-4029.70237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093925562","display_name":"Alexander Tyr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8246-092X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8246-092X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800607224","display_name":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxpep57","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Tyr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden","Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Stockholm, Solna, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8246-092X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Stockholm, Solna, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051534143","display_name":"Erik Lindeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1932-721X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1932-721X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Lindeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Poisons Information Centre, Solna, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1932-721X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Poisons Information Centre, Solna, Sweden","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039755903","display_name":"Fredrik Tamsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-7512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-7512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342360035","display_name":"Uppsala University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01apvbh93","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342360035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800607224","display_name":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxpep57","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tamsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-7512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679","https://openalex.org/I1342360035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006622919","display_name":"Ingemar Thiblin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-2466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-2466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","display_name":"Uppsala University","ror":"https://ror.org/048a87296","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342360035","display_name":"Uppsala University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01apvbh93","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342360035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800607224","display_name":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxpep57","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingemar Thiblin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-2466","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123387679","https://openalex.org/I1342360035"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016864425","display_name":"Brita Zilg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-1195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-1195"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800607224","display_name":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxpep57","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brita Zilg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Stockholm, Solna, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-1195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine Stockholm, Solna, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016864425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800607224","https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"fwci":1.4998,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78659942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"821","last_page":"836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13001","display_name":"Restraint-Related Deaths","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperactive-delirium","display_name":"hyperactive delirium","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positional-asphyxia","display_name":"positional asphyxia","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-arrest","display_name":"cardiac arrest","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acidosis","display_name":"acidosis","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-blood-gas","display_name":"arterial blood gases","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate","display_name":"lactate","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulant-use","display_name":"stimulant use","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiological-model","display_name":"pathophysiological model","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-toxicology","display_name":"forensic toxicology","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7584999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779914510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193840","display_name":"Asphyxia","level":2,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993353509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411867","display_name":"Sudden death","level":2,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160796","display_name":"Delirium","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac death","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126965237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816335","display_name":"Accidental","level":2,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779537118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618362","display_name":"Arterial blood","level":2,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779246250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1598200","display_name":"Metabolic acidosis","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778553927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185089","display_name":"Acidosis","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778550298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202837","display_name":"Sudden cardiac arrest","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778469660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589454","display_name":"Acid\u2013base imbalance","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908816375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648497","display_name":"Arterial pH","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000697","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001237","descriptor_name":"Asphyxia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001784","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003645","descriptor_name":"Death, Sudden","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003645","descriptor_name":"Death, Sudden","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011595","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Agitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012149","descriptor_name":"Restraint, Physical","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013548","descriptor_name":"Sweden","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016684","descriptor_name":"Prone Position","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1556-4029.70237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12967712","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12967712/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12967712/pdf/JFO-71-821.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Forensic Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41292063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41292063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of forensic sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:uu-588246","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-588246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402042","display_name":"Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123387679","host_organization_name":"Uppsala University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123387679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1556-4029.70237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1556-4029.70237","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62072220","display_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","issn_l":"0022-1198","issn":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327201","display_name":"R\u00e4ttsmedicinalverket","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxpep57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416730766.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416730766.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57133444","https://openalex.org/W99942916","https://openalex.org/W200163730","https://openalex.org/W1748579250","https://openalex.org/W1873875684","https://openalex.org/W1964001923","https://openalex.org/W1968368669","https://openalex.org/W1982109050","https://openalex.org/W1986048614","https://openalex.org/W1994147604","https://openalex.org/W1997591641","https://openalex.org/W1997840153","https://openalex.org/W2011412521","https://openalex.org/W2011418638","https://openalex.org/W2012222529","https://openalex.org/W2012625106","https://openalex.org/W2019081106","https://openalex.org/W2029187695","https://openalex.org/W2037430880","https://openalex.org/W2047768905","https://openalex.org/W2050240481","https://openalex.org/W2051379846","https://openalex.org/W2059815917","https://openalex.org/W2060868855","https://openalex.org/W2065335807","https://openalex.org/W2067282544","https://openalex.org/W2073945929","https://openalex.org/W2075353757","https://openalex.org/W2079454190","https://openalex.org/W2081340212","https://openalex.org/W2081814331","https://openalex.org/W2084245064","https://openalex.org/W2110769760","https://openalex.org/W2113809581","https://openalex.org/W2127860886","https://openalex.org/W2140600148","https://openalex.org/W2146525988","https://openalex.org/W2147731928","https://openalex.org/W2150686721","https://openalex.org/W2150764564","https://openalex.org/W2156605369","https://openalex.org/W2162818562","https://openalex.org/W2166157732","https://openalex.org/W2168313757","https://openalex.org/W2169081621","https://openalex.org/W2182135292","https://openalex.org/W2254695441","https://openalex.org/W2322659522","https://openalex.org/W2330428330","https://openalex.org/W2415670718","https://openalex.org/W2437822768","https://openalex.org/W2475256725","https://openalex.org/W2595803110","https://openalex.org/W2761230125","https://openalex.org/W2776440706","https://openalex.org/W2887171567","https://openalex.org/W2950044880","https://openalex.org/W2954223569","https://openalex.org/W2981360012","https://openalex.org/W3005100774","https://openalex.org/W3007745493","https://openalex.org/W3019035272","https://openalex.org/W3036996221","https://openalex.org/W3047212583","https://openalex.org/W3080384357","https://openalex.org/W3086330452","https://openalex.org/W3129812114","https://openalex.org/W3188174132","https://openalex.org/W3217476896","https://openalex.org/W4213294877","https://openalex.org/W4221042048","https://openalex.org/W4286685487","https://openalex.org/W4293051851","https://openalex.org/W4308637225","https://openalex.org/W4364353735","https://openalex.org/W4386936104","https://openalex.org/W4392572913","https://openalex.org/W4392916774","https://openalex.org/W4404882702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095097254","https://openalex.org/W4286685487","https://openalex.org/W3129812114","https://openalex.org/W2053107253","https://openalex.org/W2109495449","https://openalex.org/W7221141773","https://openalex.org/W2420966414","https://openalex.org/W1969791592","https://openalex.org/W2019767253","https://openalex.org/W3080384357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Restraint\u2010related":[1],"sudden":[2,70],"deaths":[3,71,91],"in":[4,77,214,227,246],"agitated":[5,75,248],"individuals":[6,76],"raise":[7],"complex":[8],"questions":[9],"at":[10],"the":[11,39,51,197,215,238],"intersection":[12],"of":[13,74,81,89,98,107,132,141,152,169,242],"medicine":[14],"and":[15,44,64,103,124,148,190,208,236],"law.":[16],"Hyperactive":[17],"delirium":[18],"with":[19,86,127],"extreme":[20,178],"agitation":[21],"as":[22,24],"well":[23],"positional":[25],"asphyxia":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,33,45,50,193],"restraint":[29,48,73,102,203,213],"have":[30],"been":[31],"proposed":[32],"account":[34],"for":[35],"these":[36,161],"deaths.":[37],"However,":[38],"exact":[40],"physiological":[41],"mechanisms":[42],"responsible":[43],"what":[46],"extent":[47],"contributes":[49],"lethal":[52,240],"outcome":[53],"remain":[54],"debated.":[55],"In":[56,110],"this":[57],"nationwide,":[58],"32\u2010year":[59],"retrospective":[60],"study":[61],"between":[62],"1992":[63],"2024,":[65],"we":[66,163],"examined":[67],"circumstances":[68],"surrounding":[69],"during":[72],"Sweden.":[78],"A":[79],"total":[80],"52":[82],"cases":[83,99,112],"were":[84],"identified,":[85],"an":[87,218],"average":[88],"0.17":[90],"per":[92],"million":[93],"inhabitants":[94],"annually.":[95],"Ninety":[96],"percent":[97],"involved":[100],"prone":[101,216],"69%":[104],"showed":[105],"evidence":[106],"stimulant":[108],"use.":[109],"15":[111],"from":[113],"2005":[114],"onward,":[115],"peri\u2010arrest":[116],"arterial":[117],"blood":[118,130],"gas":[119],"data":[120],"revealed":[121],"profound":[122],"metabolic":[123],"respiratory":[125,189],"acidosis,":[126],"a":[128,165,182],"mean":[129,138,149],"pH":[131],"6.52":[133],"(range:":[134,144,155],"6.30\u20136.95;":[135],"median:":[136,146,157],"6.50),":[137],"lactate":[139],"concentration":[140],"26.3":[142],"mmol/L":[143],"8.6\u201341.0;":[145],"30),":[147],"pCO":[150],"2":[151],"14.8":[153],"kPa":[154],"6.4\u201322.3;":[156],"15.3).":[158],"Based":[159],"on":[160,233],"findings,":[162],"propose":[164],"two\u2010phase":[166],"pathophysiological":[167],"model":[168,231],"restraint\u2010related":[170],"cardiac":[171,228],"arrest.":[172,229],"The":[173],"initial":[174],"\u201cpriming":[175,198],"phase\u201d":[176,199,221],"involves":[177],"physical":[179],"exertion,":[180],"creating":[181],"critically":[183],"acidotic":[184],"state":[185],"that":[186,204,224],"requires":[187],"full":[188],"cardiovascular":[191],"function":[192,207,245],"maintain":[194],"homeostasis.":[195],"If":[196],"is":[200,222],"followed":[201],"by":[202],"restricts":[205],"ventilatory":[206,244],"hampers":[209],"venous":[210],"return,":[211],"e.g.,":[212],"position,":[217],"unstable":[219],"\u201ctipping":[220],"initiated,":[223],"may":[225],"culminate":[226],"This":[230],"builds":[232],"previous":[234],"hypotheses":[235],"emphasizes":[237],"potentially":[239],"consequences":[241],"inhibiting":[243],"acutely":[247],"individuals.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}
