{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416720974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340","title":"Deformation Characteristics of a Thermokarst Lake by Integrated Methodology in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau","display_name":"Deformation Characteristics of a Thermokarst Lake by Integrated Methodology in Permafrost Regions of the Qinghai\u2013Tibetan Plateau","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416720974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ldr.70340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153614898","display_name":"Land Degradation and Development","issn_l":"1085-3278","issn":["1085-3278","1099-145X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Degradation & Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081532436","display_name":"Peifeng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-5546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-5546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768177","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peifeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-5546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038522660","display_name":"Fujun Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-2618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-2618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21945476","display_name":"Shanghai Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cxqmw89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fujun Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, School of Environment and Geographic Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, School of Environment and Geographic Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010825","display_name":"Lunyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-164X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-164X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768177","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lunyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007390464","display_name":"Wenji Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-7205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-7205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768177","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenji Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061426108","display_name":"Chenglong Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-427X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-427X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768177","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglong Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-427X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunhui Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768177","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science","ror":"https://ror.org/020bzb737","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768177","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038522660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21945476"],"apc_list":{"value":5230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5230},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"9","first_page":"3749","last_page":"3766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermokarst-lakes","display_name":"thermokarst lakes","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permafrost-thaw","display_name":"permafrost thaw","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lake-expansion","display_name":"lake expansion","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoreline-retreat","display_name":"shoreline retreat","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tibetan-plateau","display_name":"Tibetan Plateau","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrestrial-laser-scanning","display_name":"terrestrial laser scanning","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-tomography","display_name":"electrical resistivity tomography","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-heat","display_name":"groundwater heat","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-thawing","display_name":"seasonal thawing","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming","display_name":"global warming","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-monitoring","display_name":"integrated monitoring","score":0.3880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780155556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367339","display_name":"Thermokarst","level":3,"score":0.9940999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15098985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918","display_name":"Permafrost","level":2,"score":0.9865000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776026197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201890","display_name":"Active layer","level":4,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60591178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488986","display_name":"Electrical resistivity tomography","level":3,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100187453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632182","display_name":"Subsurface flow","level":3,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.3555999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8625798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112","display_name":"Surface water","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122846477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395805","display_name":"Water column","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102579867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914346","display_name":"Pore water pressure","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ldr.70340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.70340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153614898","display_name":"Land Degradation and Development","issn_l":"1085-3278","issn":["1085-3278","1099-145X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Degradation & Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.821399986743927}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573641842","https://openalex.org/W1573962432","https://openalex.org/W1671695640","https://openalex.org/W1949953649","https://openalex.org/W1967391228","https://openalex.org/W1996933585","https://openalex.org/W2015275937","https://openalex.org/W2063171355","https://openalex.org/W2087315340","https://openalex.org/W2135207372","https://openalex.org/W2309043577","https://openalex.org/W2396043865","https://openalex.org/W2398818975","https://openalex.org/W2488607097","https://openalex.org/W2524236083","https://openalex.org/W2531182238","https://openalex.org/W2568395681","https://openalex.org/W2568712095","https://openalex.org/W2591114161","https://openalex.org/W2759199864","https://openalex.org/W2788952672","https://openalex.org/W2797680699","https://openalex.org/W2808133627","https://openalex.org/W2892274728","https://openalex.org/W2905189307","https://openalex.org/W2922465039","https://openalex.org/W2943630225","https://openalex.org/W2998909793","https://openalex.org/W3011064257","https://openalex.org/W3071408250","https://openalex.org/W3111806859","https://openalex.org/W3160287131","https://openalex.org/W3160527681","https://openalex.org/W3165952846","https://openalex.org/W3196808776","https://openalex.org/W3211117598","https://openalex.org/W4285022199","https://openalex.org/W4292324934","https://openalex.org/W4308510012","https://openalex.org/W4315607812","https://openalex.org/W4319791653","https://openalex.org/W4322493097","https://openalex.org/W4378781271","https://openalex.org/W4386220081","https://openalex.org/W4386222871","https://openalex.org/W4387359944","https://openalex.org/W4387670886","https://openalex.org/W4395014122","https://openalex.org/W4402932665","https://openalex.org/W4403001338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315607812","https://openalex.org/W2063171355","https://openalex.org/W4415461880","https://openalex.org/W3196808776","https://openalex.org/W2309043577","https://openalex.org/W4381685497","https://openalex.org/W7114929503","https://openalex.org/W3201383008","https://openalex.org/W4386401294","https://openalex.org/W3020983980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,203],"development":[2,40],"of":[3,16,29,60,78,95,142,180,205,223,226],"thermokarst":[4,39,227,237],"lakes":[5,35],"on":[6,55,248],"the":[7,56,61,64,76,112,121,135,143,168,181,188,201,224,249],"Qinghai\u2013Tibetan":[8],"Plateau":[9],"(QTP)":[10],"serves":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,90,220],"prominent":[14],"indicator":[15],"permafrost":[17,37,164,198,217,245],"degradation":[18,199,246],"driven":[19],"by":[20,82,124],"climate":[21,256],"warming":[22],"and":[23,32,36,73,108,158,170,191,215,251],"increased":[24,81],"humidity.":[25],"However,":[26],"quantitative":[27,242],"observations":[28],"surface":[30,57,212],"change":[31,257],"relationships":[33],"between":[34],"during":[38,117,130],"remain":[41],"inadequate.":[42],"This":[43,229],"study":[44],"utilized":[45],"long\u2010term":[46],"terrestrial":[47],"laser":[48],"scanning":[49],"(TLS)":[50],"to":[51,84,126,196],"capture":[52],"high\u2010resolution":[53],"data":[54],"contour":[58,213],"changes":[59,115,214],"lake":[62,122,238],"in":[63,134],"Beiluhe":[65],"Basin":[66],"over":[67,147],"3":[68,148],"years.":[69,149],"Between":[70],"June":[71],"2021":[72],"September":[74],"2023,":[75],"area":[77],"BLH\u2010B":[79],"Lake":[80,98],"19.23%":[83],"6634":[85],"m":[86,128,179],"2":[87,129],",":[88],"with":[89,106,111,207],"maximum":[91],"shoreline":[92],"retreat":[93],"distance":[94],"14.37":[96],"m.":[97],"expansion":[99,145],"exhibited":[100],"pronounced":[101],"seasonal":[102],"characteristics,":[103],"closely":[104],"correlated":[105],"temperature":[107],"precipitation":[109],"variations,":[110],"most":[113],"significant":[114],"occurring":[116],"thawing":[118,137],"periods.":[119],"Notably,":[120],"expanded":[123],"up":[125],"505":[127],"extreme":[131],"rainfall":[132],"events":[133],"2022":[136],"period,":[138],"accounting":[139],"for":[140,235,255],"47.20%":[141],"total":[144],"observed":[146],"Integrated":[150],"geophysical":[151,208],"methods,":[152],"including":[153],"electrical":[154],"resistivity":[155],"tomography":[156],"(ERT)":[157],"ground\u2010penetrating":[159],"radar":[160],"(GPR),":[161],"revealed":[162,210],"substantial":[163],"degradation,":[165],"particularly":[166],"along":[167],"northwestern":[169],"western":[171],"shores,":[172],"where":[173],"talik":[174],"formation":[175],"occurred":[176],"within":[177,187],"40":[178],"lakeshore.":[182],"Heat":[183],"from":[184],"groundwater":[185],"flow":[186],"active":[189],"layer":[190],"direct":[192],"solar":[193],"radiation":[194],"contributes":[195],"accelerated":[197],"around":[200],"lake.":[202],"integration":[204],"TLS":[206],"methods":[209],"both":[211],"subsurface":[216],"conditions,":[218],"providing":[219,252],"comprehensive":[221],"view":[222],"dynamics":[225],"lakes.":[228],"integrated":[230],"monitoring":[231],"approach":[232],"proves":[233],"effective":[234],"studying":[236],"evolution,":[239],"offering":[240],"critical":[241],"insights":[243],"into":[244],"processes":[247],"QTP":[250],"essential":[253],"baselines":[254],"impact":[258],"assessment.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}