{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416716358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","title":"Deep learning-based gross vehicle weight estimation in Bridge Weigh-in-Motion by using sensors in one cross-section","display_name":"Deep learning-based gross vehicle weight estimation in Bridge Weigh-in-Motion by using sensors in one cross-section","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416716358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","pdf_url":"https://ojs.uni-miskolc.hu/index.php/multi/article/download/3970/3094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188509","display_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","issn_l":"2062-9737","issn":["2062-9737","2786-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.uni-miskolc.hu/index.php/multi/article/download/3970/3094","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090241383","display_name":"Bence Sziny\u00e9ri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-418X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-418X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bence Sziny\u00e9ri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-418X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066336064","display_name":"Bence K\u0151v\u00e1ri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-640X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-640X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bence K\u0151v\u00e1ri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-640X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061880988","display_name":"D\u00e9nes Koll\u00e1r","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u00e9nes Koll\u00e1r","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-3327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019097465","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n V\u00f6lgyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7561-0522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7561-0522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Istv\u00e1n V\u00f6lgyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7561-0522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046250049","display_name":"Attila L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Jo\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-7021","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-7021"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attila L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Jo\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Budapest University of Technology and Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-7021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"42","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14304","display_name":"Transport Systems and Technology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14304","display_name":"Transport Systems and Technology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-weigh-in-motion","display_name":"bridge weigh-in-motion","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-gauges","display_name":"strain gauges","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axle-load-estimation","display_name":"axle load estimation","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129727815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188209","display_name":"Axle","level":2,"score":0.6819000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777946747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340755","display_name":"Axle load","level":3,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781010134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7979849","display_name":"Weigh in motion","level":3,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60584519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610723","display_name":"Strain gauge","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93983250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795053","display_name":"Cost estimate","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","pdf_url":"https://ojs.uni-miskolc.hu/index.php/multi/article/download/3970/3094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188509","display_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","issn_l":"2062-9737","issn":["2062-9737","2786-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2025.3.5","pdf_url":"https://ojs.uni-miskolc.hu/index.php/multi/article/download/3970/3094","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188509","display_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","issn_l":"2062-9737","issn":["2062-9737","2786-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Multidiszciplin\u00e1ris Tudom\u00e1nyok","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311358","display_name":"Budapesti M\u0171szaki \u00e9s Gazdas\u00e1gtudom\u00e1nyi Egyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416716358.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416716358.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517623310","https://openalex.org/W1976100012","https://openalex.org/W2133856289","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2518108298","https://openalex.org/W2579441988","https://openalex.org/W2752409131","https://openalex.org/W2770916066","https://openalex.org/W2894681044","https://openalex.org/W2945932553","https://openalex.org/W2954492964","https://openalex.org/W2967800694","https://openalex.org/W3089805597","https://openalex.org/W3112286312","https://openalex.org/W3162035570","https://openalex.org/W4309705011","https://openalex.org/W4311661799","https://openalex.org/W4323047387","https://openalex.org/W4387647665","https://openalex.org/W4389362942","https://openalex.org/W4402481357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411115749","https://openalex.org/W7165742007","https://openalex.org/W4416258808","https://openalex.org/W1992493317","https://openalex.org/W7204088396","https://openalex.org/W2894681044","https://openalex.org/W4225088436","https://openalex.org/W4284881315","https://openalex.org/W4220818265","https://openalex.org/W3130473892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gross":[0],"Vehicle":[1],"Weight":[2],"(GVW)":[3],"estimation":[4,67,96,131,172],"plays":[5],"a":[6,47,62,77,122],"crucial":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,132,170],"ensuring":[10],"the":[11,31,56,87,114,135,142,157,162,176],"safety,":[12],"maintainability,":[13],"and":[14,21,40],"sustainability":[15],"of":[16,33,109,127],"road":[17],"transportation":[18],"by":[19,174,181],"identifying":[20],"filtering":[22],"out":[23],"overloaded":[24],"vehicles.":[25],"Bridge":[26],"Weigh-in-Motion":[27,138],"(B-WIM)":[28],"systems":[29,72],"enable":[30],"determination":[32],"axle":[34,38,82,98],"loads,":[35],"vehicle":[36,42,94],"speeds,":[37],"spacings,":[39],"other":[41],"parameters":[43],"as":[44],"they":[45],"cross":[46],"bridge,":[48],"using":[49,152],"data":[50],"from":[51],"strain":[52],"gauges":[53],"installed":[54],"beneath":[55],"bridge":[57],"deck.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"proposes":[61],"novel":[63],"deep":[64],"learning-based":[65],"GVW":[66,85,130,171],"method":[68,89,102],"designed":[69],"for":[70,129],"B-WIM":[71,150,168],"equipped":[73],"with":[74,121,134],"sensors":[75],"at":[76],"single":[78],"cross-section.":[79],"Unlike":[80],"conventional":[81],"load":[83],"estimation-based":[84],"estimators,":[86],"proposed":[88,143],"does":[90],"not":[91],"rely":[92],"on":[93,105,113,156],"speed":[95],"or":[97],"detection":[99],"steps.":[100],"The":[101],"is":[103],"evaluated":[104],"an":[106],"annotated":[107],"dataset":[108,159],"91":[110],"vehicles":[111],"measured":[112],"Monostori":[115],"Bridge.":[116],"Results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"B+":[119],"accuracy":[120,173],"Mean":[123,177],"Absolute":[124,178],"Percentage":[125,179],"Error":[126,180],"2.47%":[128],"accordance":[133],"COST":[136],"323":[137],"classification":[139],"standard.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"solution":[144],"can":[145],"be":[146],"integrated":[147],"into":[148],"standard":[149],"pipelines":[151,169],"ensemble":[153,163],"models.":[154],"Tests":[155],"same":[158],"indicate":[160],"that":[161],"approach":[164],"may":[165],"outperform":[166],"existing":[167],"reducing":[175],"0.1%.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}
