{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416714884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","title":"Catatonia in the medically ill and dying: a review for palliative care clinicians","display_name":"Catatonia in the medically ill and dying: a review for palliative care clinicians","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416714884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41360658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/apm-25-76","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761676","display_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","issn_l":"2224-5820","issn":["2224-5820","2224-5839"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013060874","display_name":"Gregg Alan Robbins-Welty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-7368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-7368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305001552","display_name":"Grady Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009hj8759","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305001552","https://openalex.org/I4210092882"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregg A. Robbins-Welty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305001552","https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060677940","display_name":"Lauren Gensler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-1040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-1040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1305001552","display_name":"Grady Memorial Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/009hj8759","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305001552","https://openalex.org/I4210092882"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lauren Gensler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine and Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305001552","https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006282048","display_name":"Benjamin C. Kalivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-349X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-349X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Kalivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087337427","display_name":"Jo Ellen Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-8012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-8012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103776","display_name":"Nashville VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/024xyyq03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210101790","https://openalex.org/I4210103776","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo Ellen Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446","https://openalex.org/I4210103776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027978348","display_name":"Joshua Ryan Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-165X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-165X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103776","display_name":"Nashville VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/024xyyq03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210101790","https://openalex.org/I4210103776","https://openalex.org/I4210112672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua R. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446","https://openalex.org/I4210103776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044204746","display_name":"Paul Lindenfeld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Lindenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Paul Riordan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Riordan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054588062","display_name":"Andrew Coulter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Coulter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dan Fishman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Fishman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073880058","display_name":"Paul E. Noufi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Noufi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013060874"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1305001552","https://openalex.org/I150468666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87851169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"600","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10867","display_name":"Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10177","display_name":"Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catatonia","display_name":"catatonia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palliative-care","display_name":"palliative care","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seriously-ill-patients","display_name":"seriously ill patients","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-of-life-care","display_name":"end-of-life care","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delirium","display_name":"delirium","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altered-mental-status","display_name":"altered mental status","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bush-francis-catatonia-rating-scale","display_name":"Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroconvulsive-therapy","display_name":"electroconvulsive therapy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychiatric-syndromes","display_name":"neuropsychiatric syndromes","score":0.6819999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778941822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501571","display_name":"Catatonia","level":3,"score":0.9865000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8338000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160796","display_name":"Delirium","level":2,"score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408265","display_name":"Lorazepam","level":2,"score":0.7405999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777330709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131543","display_name":"Electroconvulsive therapy","level":3,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994186709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29483","display_name":"Palliative care","level":2,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991859549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Critically ill","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002389","descriptor_name":"Catatonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002389","descriptor_name":"Catatonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010166","descriptor_name":"Palliative Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21037/apm-25-76","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761676","display_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","issn_l":"2224-5820","issn":["2224-5820","2224-5839"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41360658","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41360658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of palliative medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21037/apm-25-76","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-25-76","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764761676","display_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","issn_l":"2224-5820","issn":["2224-5820","2224-5839"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321814","host_organization_name":"AME Publishing Company","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321814"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AME Publishing Company"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Palliative Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160944034","https://openalex.org/W7160887641","https://openalex.org/W2748589748","https://openalex.org/W2982619821","https://openalex.org/W2326656829","https://openalex.org/W4416790030","https://openalex.org/W4393053457","https://openalex.org/W2117959530","https://openalex.org/W4382722147","https://openalex.org/W3010787093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Catatonia":[0,31,150],"is":[1,19,178,181],"a":[2,124],"severe":[3],"and":[4,37,40,49,61,69,74,89,99,115,139,153,159,164,171,191,195,203,228],"potentially":[5],"life-threatening":[6],"but":[7],"often":[8],"reversible":[9],"neuropsychiatric":[10],"syndrome.":[11],"While":[12],"commonly":[13],"associated":[14],"with":[15,28,34,71,104,123,169,233],"psychiatric":[16,80],"disorders,":[17],"it":[18],"increasingly":[20],"recognized":[21],"in":[22,64,102,119,207],"medically":[23],"ill":[24,121],"populations,":[25],"including":[26,162],"patients":[27,103],"serious":[29,105],"illness.":[30,106],"frequently":[32],"overlaps":[33],"delirium,":[35],"dementia,":[36],"end-of-life":[38],"changes,":[39],"can":[41,198,221],"mimic":[42],"irreversible":[43],"decline,":[44],"contributing":[45],"to":[46,59,85,93,223],"missed":[47],"diagnoses":[48],"goal-discordant":[50],"care.":[51,214],"Palliative":[52],"care":[53,232],"(PC)":[54],"clinicians":[55,96],"are":[56],"uniquely":[57],"positioned":[58],"identify":[60],"treat":[62],"catatonia":[63,101,118,186,197,217],"this":[65],"context,":[66],"yet":[67],"awareness":[68],"familiarity":[70],"its":[72],"assessment":[73,114],"management":[75,116],"remain":[76],"limited":[77],"outside":[78],"of":[79,117,143,174,184,213,216,231],"settings.":[81],"This":[82],"review":[83,157],"aims":[84],"synthesize":[86],"current":[87],"evidence":[88],"provide":[90,134],"practical":[91,127],"guidance":[92,135],"help":[94],"PC":[95,130,219],"recognize,":[97],"assess,":[98],"manage":[100],"We":[107,132],"highlight":[108],"the":[109,141,148,154,182],"epidemiology,":[110],"pathophysiology,":[111],"clinical":[112,205],"features,":[113],"seriously":[120],"patients,":[122],"focus":[125],"on":[126,136],"application":[128],"for":[129],"clinicians.":[131],"also":[133],"screening,":[137],"diagnosis,":[138,225],"treatment-emphasizing":[140],"use":[142],"bedside":[144],"tools":[145],"such":[146],"as":[147,180],"Bush-Francis":[149],"Rating":[151],"Scale":[152],"lorazepam":[155],"challenge-and":[156],"first-line":[158],"adjunctive":[160],"therapies,":[161],"benzodiazepines":[163],"electroconvulsive":[165],"therapy.":[166],"Clinical":[167],"overlap":[168],"delirium":[170],"other":[172],"forms":[173],"altered":[175],"mental":[176],"status":[177],"discussed,":[179],"importance":[183],"incorporating":[185],"into":[187],"routine":[188],"diagnostic":[189],"frameworks":[190],"prognostic":[192],"conversations.":[193],"Recognizing":[194],"treating":[196],"relieve":[199],"suffering,":[200],"restore":[201],"communication,":[202],"shift":[204],"trajectories":[206],"ways":[208],"that":[209],"support":[210],"patients'":[211],"goals":[212],"Awareness":[215],"among":[218],"teams":[220],"lead":[222],"earlier":[224],"effective":[226],"treatment,":[227],"better":[229],"alignment":[230],"patient":[234],"values.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}
