{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416680288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","title":"Can Economic Freedoms Drive the Profitability of Islamic Rural Bank? Evidence From Indonesia","display_name":"Can Economic Freedoms Drive the Profitability of Islamic Rural Bank? Evidence From Indonesia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416680288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal/article/download/1264/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737914015","display_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","issn_l":"2232-0474","issn":["2232-0474","2232-0482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322425","host_organization_name":"Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322425"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal/article/download/1264/631","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051281645","display_name":"Murah Syahrial","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8462-6779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8462-6779"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murah Syahrial","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Institute Agama Islam Lukman Edy, Pekanbaru, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Institute Agama Islam Lukman Edy, Pekanbaru, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038175786","display_name":"Novi Andri Yanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-3913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-3913"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Novi Yanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Institute Agama Islam Diniyah, Pekanbaru, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Economic and Islamic Business, Institute Agama Islam Diniyah, Pekanbaru, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031934910","display_name":"Budi Trianto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-1868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-1868"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Budi Trianto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Islamic Economic, STEI Iqra Annisa, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28292, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Islamic Economic, STEI Iqra Annisa, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28292, Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084276347","display_name":"Evan Hamzah Muchtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-7924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-7924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273812","display_name":"Institut Asy-Syukriyyah","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9r8g36","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan Hamzah Muchtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113231587","display_name":"Irwan Maulana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273812","display_name":"Institut Asy-Syukriyyah","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9r8g36","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irwan Maulana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101727459","display_name":"Masrizal Masrizal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-2165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7617-2165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103357","display_name":"Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau","ror":"https://ror.org/01dtbtf55","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103357"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masrizal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Islamic Law, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Islamic Economic, Faculty of Islamic Law, UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112901993","display_name":"Wahyu Hidayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9672-8183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9672-8183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273812","display_name":"Institut Asy-Syukriyyah","ror":"https://ror.org/00h9r8g36","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahyu Hidayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sharia Banking, Faculty of Sharia, Institut Asy-Syukriyyah, Tangerang, 15141 Banten, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077134398","display_name":"Rozita Baba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-9316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-9316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105034","display_name":"Universiti Islam Melaka","ror":"https://ror.org/01b7ggh82","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105034"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rozita Baba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Islamic Knowledge, Universiti Islam Melaka, 78200 Kuala Sungai Baru, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Islamic Knowledge, Universiti Islam Melaka, 78200 Kuala Sungai Baru, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"apc_paid":{"value":250,"currency":"USD","value_usd":250},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"196","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11365","display_name":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-freedom","display_name":"economic freedom","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-rural-banks","display_name":"Islamic rural banks","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brief-psychiatric-rating-scale","display_name":"Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-profitability","display_name":"bank profitability","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-freedom","display_name":"business freedom","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-freedom","display_name":"investment freedom","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-freedom","display_name":"monetary freedom","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banking-liberalization","display_name":"banking liberalization","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-banking","display_name":"Islamic banking","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indonesia","display_name":"Indonesia","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776122629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322996","display_name":"Economic freedom","level":2,"score":0.8446000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.7627999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.6381999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65146658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416431","display_name":"Financial intermediary","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162748667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683131","display_name":"Generalized method of moments","level":3,"score":0.5055999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4812999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779207338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9240","display_name":"Indonesian","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537338633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645029","display_name":"Economic liberalization","level":3,"score":0.40630000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188924319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931610","display_name":"Index of Economic Freedom","level":3,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139569457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666223","display_name":"Intermediary","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal/article/download/1264/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737914015","display_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","issn_l":"2232-0474","issn":["2232-0474","2232-0482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322425","host_organization_name":"Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322425"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7187/gjatsi102025-13","pdf_url":"https://jurnal.usas.edu.my/gjat/index.php/journal/article/download/1264/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737914015","display_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","issn_l":"2232-0474","issn":["2232-0474","2232-0482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322425","host_organization_name":"Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322425"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Journal Al-Thaqafah","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416680288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416680288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214708358","https://openalex.org/W4281395296","https://openalex.org/W4401932412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281395296","https://openalex.org/W4401932412","https://openalex.org/W2057494025","https://openalex.org/W1509974006","https://openalex.org/W7103892057","https://openalex.org/W2208723545","https://openalex.org/W7160995229","https://openalex.org/W4411214949","https://openalex.org/W3184503200","https://openalex.org/W2991966126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,94],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,34,44,143,157],"examine":[4,158],"the":[5,17,46,52,73,102,117,124,159,165],"relationship":[6],"between":[7],"economic":[8,49,160],"freedom":[9,50,63,66,80],"and":[10,64,85,121,136],"Islamic":[11,25,55],"rural":[12,26,56],"banks\u2019":[13],"performance":[14,53],"(BPRS)":[15],"in":[16,28,91,106,131,175],"case":[18],"of":[19,39,48,54,75,104,119,123,162,172],"Indonesia.":[20],"The":[21,36,58,110],"study":[22,95],"covers":[23],"40":[24],"banks":[27],"34":[29],"Indonesian":[30],"regions":[31],"from":[32],"2014":[33],"2021.":[35],"Generalized":[37],"Method":[38],"Moments":[40],"(GMM)":[41],"is":[42],"employed":[43],"demonstrate":[45],"effect":[47,71],"on":[51,72],"banks.":[57],"results":[59],"indicate":[60],"that":[61,113,147],"business":[62,135],"investment":[65,137],"have":[67],"a":[68,82,99,132,169],"substantial":[69],"favorable":[70],"profitability":[74],"BPRS.":[76,163],"In":[77],"contrast,":[78],"monetary":[79],"has":[81,167],"detrimental":[83],"effect,":[84],"all":[86],"signs":[87],"support":[88],"past":[89],"research":[90],"this":[92,155],"regard.":[93],"can":[96],"serve":[97],"as":[98],"guidance":[100],"for":[101],"administration":[103],"BPRS":[105,176],"sustaining":[107],"financial":[108,128,149],"performance.":[109],"findings":[111],"show":[112],"governments":[114],"should":[115],"consider":[116],"repercussions":[118],"liberalization":[120],"reform":[122],"banking":[125],"sector.":[126],"When":[127],"intermediaries":[129],"operate":[130],"less":[133],"limited":[134],"environment,":[138],"they":[139],"are":[140],"more":[141],"likely":[142],"pursue":[144],"competitive":[145],"activities":[146],"boost":[148],"success.":[150],"Lastly,":[151],"academics":[152],"might":[153],"use":[154,181],"data":[156],"flexibility":[161],"Although":[164],"model":[166],"explored":[168],"significant":[170],"share":[171],"external":[173],"factors":[174],"performance,":[177],"further":[178],"studies":[179],"may":[180],"other":[182],"institutional":[183],"control":[184],"variables.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}
