{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416675715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","title":"Butyrophilin 3A/2A1-independent activation of human V\u03b39V\u03b42 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells by bacteria","display_name":"Butyrophilin 3A/2A1-independent activation of human V\u03b39V\u03b42 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells by bacteria","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416675715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41306552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358/65279445/pgaf358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651275","display_name":"PNAS Nexus","issn_l":"2752-6542","issn":["2752-6542"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PNAS Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358/65279445/pgaf358.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114637402","display_name":"Daniel Gombert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0815-6582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0815-6582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Gombert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0815-6582","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114637401","display_name":"Jara Simeonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9033-6394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9033-6394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jara Simeonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9033-6394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039402961","display_name":"Katharina Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019953605","display_name":"Sophie Agaugu\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2810"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Agaugu\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["ImCheck Therapeutics , Marseille 13009 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ImCheck Therapeutics , Marseille 13009 ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052150456","display_name":"Alexander Scheffold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-343X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-343X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Scheffold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0626-343X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049829923","display_name":"Dieter Kabelitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4160-7103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4160-7103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Kabelitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4160-7103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062454800","display_name":"Christian Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-3806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-3806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyto Kiel - Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-3806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyto Kiel - Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel , Kiel 24105 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049829923","https://openalex.org/A5062454800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983","https://openalex.org/I4210112713"],"apc_list":{"value":4202,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4202},"apc_paid":{"value":4202,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4202},"fwci":1.2201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"11","first_page":"pgaf358","last_page":"pgaf358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrophilin","display_name":"butyrophilin","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/btn3a","display_name":"BTN3A","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/btn2a1","display_name":"BTN2A1","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphoantigens","display_name":"phosphoantigens","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-activation","display_name":"bacterial activation","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-18","display_name":"IL-18","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammasome","display_name":"inflammasome","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-1bb","display_name":"4-1BB","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd154","display_name":"CD154","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emodin","display_name":"emodin","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39347974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21135811","display_name":"CD40","level":4,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148125776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622348","display_name":"CD28","level":4,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79484868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5971673","display_name":"IL-2 receptor","level":4,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114684123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419458","display_name":"CD3","level":4,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777209026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412405","display_name":"Inflammasome","level":3,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24530287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424204","display_name":"Transmembrane protein","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19317047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412037","display_name":"T-cell receptor","level":4,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780249625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14913226","display_name":"CD137","level":4,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129374314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909381","display_name":"Interleukin 21","level":4,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175656101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56646","display_name":"Chinese hamster ovary cell","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67662055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047791","display_name":"Antigen-presenting cell","level":4,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120642132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907110","display_name":"ZAP70","level":5,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47794810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21122937","display_name":"TCIRG1","level":5,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358/65279445/pgaf358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651275","display_name":"PNAS Nexus","issn_l":"2752-6542","issn":["2752-6542"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PNAS Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41306552","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41306552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PNAS nexus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11451109","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12644456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf358/65279445/pgaf358.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651275","display_name":"PNAS Nexus","issn_l":"2752-6542","issn":["2752-6542"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PNAS Nexus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1708142744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"502/19-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3141245812","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ka 502/19\u20103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3358926183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Ka 502/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416675715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416675715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486854793","https://openalex.org/W1529086645","https://openalex.org/W1529424687","https://openalex.org/W1555118964","https://openalex.org/W1587910247","https://openalex.org/W1918154757","https://openalex.org/W1972120590","https://openalex.org/W1988912859","https://openalex.org/W2001114440","https://openalex.org/W2006137635","https://openalex.org/W2014443327","https://openalex.org/W2030727563","https://openalex.org/W2050792186","https://openalex.org/W2060548569","https://openalex.org/W2070779717","https://openalex.org/W2072956753","https://openalex.org/W2073312795","https://openalex.org/W2073334951","https://openalex.org/W2104403339","https://openalex.org/W2127367385","https://openalex.org/W2131982022","https://openalex.org/W2144247138","https://openalex.org/W2170263258","https://openalex.org/W2170955899","https://openalex.org/W2322227444","https://openalex.org/W2509295708","https://openalex.org/W2521045892","https://openalex.org/W2536035995","https://openalex.org/W2558711397","https://openalex.org/W2574629025","https://openalex.org/W2607794756","https://openalex.org/W2791402963","https://openalex.org/W2799828422","https://openalex.org/W2915525319","https://openalex.org/W2964071997","https://openalex.org/W2998727329","https://openalex.org/W2998735059","https://openalex.org/W3010060199","https://openalex.org/W3028596799","https://openalex.org/W3030476058","https://openalex.org/W3108728530","https://openalex.org/W3141115002","https://openalex.org/W3181911076","https://openalex.org/W3206960301","https://openalex.org/W4309530218","https://openalex.org/W4353018183","https://openalex.org/W4361214911","https://openalex.org/W4388880158","https://openalex.org/W4388904697","https://openalex.org/W4401654006","https://openalex.org/W4403092122","https://openalex.org/W4404351889","https://openalex.org/W4409529470"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,42],"activation":[2,37,44,98,108,130,161,168,185,202,211,223],"of":[3,38,45,59,99,109,169,179,186,203,225,236],"human":[4],"V\u03b42":[5,39,75,100,110,170,187,204,226,237],"\u03b3\u03b4":[6],"T":[7,40,50,76,101,111,171,188,205,227,238],"cells":[8,51,77,102,112,189,206,239],"by":[9,55,103,113,121,139,162,190,212],"phosphoantigens":[10],"(pAg)":[11],"strictly":[12],"depends":[13],"on":[14,74,160],"transmembrane":[15],"butyrophilin":[16],"(BTN)":[17],"molecules,":[18],"specifically":[19],"BTN3A":[20],"isoforms":[21],"and":[22,32,47,61,96,115,134,142,150,195,221],"BTN2A1.":[23],"Several":[24],"bacteria,":[25],"including":[26],"M.":[27,132],"tuberculosis,":[28],"produce":[29],"potent":[30],"pAg":[31,114,167,201],"thus":[33],"trigger":[34],"a":[35,156,176,217],"strong":[36],"cells.":[41,172],"antigen-specific":[43],"CD4":[46],"regulatory":[48],"(Treg)":[49],"can":[52],"be":[53,231],"monitored":[54],"the":[56,83,94,107,182,234],"rapid":[57],"upregulation":[58,141],"CD154":[60],"CD137,":[62],"respectively.":[63],"We":[64],"have":[65,87],"previously":[66],"established":[67],"that":[68],"CD137":[69],"is":[70],"also":[71],"rapidly":[72],"upregulated":[73],"upon":[78],"stimulation":[79],"with":[80,131],"pAg.":[81],"In":[82],"present":[84],"study,":[85],"we":[86],"used":[88],"antagonistic":[89],"anti-BTN3A/2A1":[90,122],"antibodies":[91,194],"to":[92],"dissect":[93],"pAg-dependent":[95],"pAg-independent":[97],"various":[104],"microbes.":[105],"While":[106],"aminobisphosphonate":[116],"zoledronate":[117],"was":[118,127],"completely":[119],"blocked":[120],"antibodies,":[123],"only":[124,155],"partial":[125],"inhibition":[126,197],"observed":[128],"for":[129,233],"tuberculosis":[133],"other":[135],"bacteria":[136,163],"as":[137],"analyzed":[138],"CD137/CD154":[140],"intracellular":[143],"interferon-\u03b3":[144],"expression.":[145],"Similarly,":[146],"anti-TCR":[147],"antibody":[148],"7A5":[149],"Lck":[151],"inhibitor":[152],"emodin":[153],"had":[154],"minimal":[157],"inhibitory":[158],"effect":[159],"but":[164,207,219],"strongly":[165,208],"reduced":[166,209],"Further":[173],"studies":[174],"revealed":[175],"crucial":[177],"role":[178,235],"IL-18":[180,220],"in":[181],"BTN/TCR-independent":[183,218],"early":[184],"bacteria.":[191,213],"Neutralizing":[192],"anti-IL-18":[193],"inflammasome":[196],"did":[198],"not":[199],"affect":[200],"their":[210],"Our":[214],"results":[215],"identify":[216],"inflammasome-dependent":[222],"pathway":[224],"cells,":[228],"which":[229],"might":[230],"relevant":[232],"during":[240],"bacterial":[241],"infections.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
