{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416640225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","title":"A green GC/FID engineering control to prevent carcinogenic exposure and chemical waste in petrochemical aldehyde monitoring","display_name":"A green GC/FID engineering control to prevent carcinogenic exposure and chemical waste in petrochemical aldehyde monitoring","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416640225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238349","display_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","issn_l":"2772-5774","issn":["2772-5774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111185673","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Ghavidel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Ghavidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Heydari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Heydari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065541790","display_name":"Rahmatollah Ebrahimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahmatollah Ebrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher of EB/SM Laboratory, EB/SM Unit, Pars Petrochemical Company, Asalouyeh, Bushehr, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1550},"apc_paid":{"value":1550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1550},"fwci":1.8172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88666984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":null,"first_page":"100314","last_page":"100314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.3801000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.3801000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.2615000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10180","display_name":"Analytical chemistry methods development","score":0.14249999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/styrene-monomer","display_name":"styrene monomer","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-exposure","display_name":"occupational exposure","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinogen-exposure","display_name":"carcinogen exposure","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzaldehyde","display_name":"benzaldehyde","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenylacetaldehyde","display_name":"phenylacetaldehyde","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetophenone","display_name":"acetophenone","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-correction","display_name":"background correction","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-sample-injection","display_name":"automated sample injection","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gc-fid","display_name":"GC-FID","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-waste-reduction","display_name":"chemical waste reduction","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy-of-controls","display_name":"hierarchy of controls","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/method-validation","display_name":"method validation","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.7215999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170573351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364904","display_name":"Petrochemical","level":2,"score":0.5922999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12404463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207652","display_name":"Chemical industry","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184866935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191010","display_name":"Titration","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779825165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101497","display_name":"Aldehyde","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987845665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072363","display_name":"Occupational exposure","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7225750","display_name":"Pollution prevention","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777566558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28917","display_name":"Styrene","level":4,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333024","display_name":"Personal protective equipment","level":5,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775888733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375112","display_name":"Acetophenone","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238349","display_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","issn_l":"2772-5774","issn":["2772-5774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e79d0aaaa1904f5a8a55aeda9f4a1476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e79d0aaaa1904f5a8a55aeda9f4a1476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry, Vol 16, Iss , Pp 100314- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238349","display_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","issn_l":"2772-5774","issn":["2772-5774"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999340369","https://openalex.org/W3128485383","https://openalex.org/W3155736995","https://openalex.org/W3164376772","https://openalex.org/W3198720275","https://openalex.org/W3201464131","https://openalex.org/W3211716032","https://openalex.org/W3215815646","https://openalex.org/W4200391041","https://openalex.org/W4206641486","https://openalex.org/W4221024657","https://openalex.org/W4247674786","https://openalex.org/W4280652871","https://openalex.org/W4281629016","https://openalex.org/W4285588688","https://openalex.org/W4285796346","https://openalex.org/W4288425372","https://openalex.org/W4295956816","https://openalex.org/W4308310733","https://openalex.org/W4309468016","https://openalex.org/W4319159899","https://openalex.org/W4319601900","https://openalex.org/W4322494379","https://openalex.org/W4322762710","https://openalex.org/W4382788398","https://openalex.org/W4385693317","https://openalex.org/W4386407085","https://openalex.org/W4387414657","https://openalex.org/W4387745983","https://openalex.org/W4388001180","https://openalex.org/W4388097248","https://openalex.org/W4388949047","https://openalex.org/W4389502511","https://openalex.org/W4391995973","https://openalex.org/W4392388240","https://openalex.org/W4394685711","https://openalex.org/W4396862491","https://openalex.org/W4398764866","https://openalex.org/W4399706098","https://openalex.org/W4399977890","https://openalex.org/W4401499848","https://openalex.org/W4402651352","https://openalex.org/W4403265818","https://openalex.org/W4403991351","https://openalex.org/W4404526556","https://openalex.org/W4404738952","https://openalex.org/W4405262214","https://openalex.org/W4405310389","https://openalex.org/W4406142856","https://openalex.org/W4406346715","https://openalex.org/W4406980266","https://openalex.org/W4407264408","https://openalex.org/W4407269646","https://openalex.org/W4407545813","https://openalex.org/W4407766783","https://openalex.org/W4408185340","https://openalex.org/W4408337934","https://openalex.org/W4408417813","https://openalex.org/W4408614202","https://openalex.org/W4408665784","https://openalex.org/W4408802517","https://openalex.org/W4408907649","https://openalex.org/W4409981718","https://openalex.org/W4410571441","https://openalex.org/W4410640777","https://openalex.org/W4410718489","https://openalex.org/W4411016356","https://openalex.org/W4411053095","https://openalex.org/W4411501938","https://openalex.org/W4411589255","https://openalex.org/W4411605149","https://openalex.org/W4411991723","https://openalex.org/W4412363173","https://openalex.org/W4412490525","https://openalex.org/W4412495500"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,18,41,62,83],"Transforms":[1],"routine":[2,125],"aldehyde":[3,126],"analysis":[4],"into":[5],"a":[6,85,106,113,152,260],"proactive":[7],"occupational":[8,100,146],"health":[9,118],"intervention":[10],"by":[11,28,175,232,239],"eliminating":[12],"manual":[13],"titration":[14,48,203],"and":[15,81,116,135,147,173,194,217,234,246,268],"hazardous":[16,195],"reagents.":[17,196],"Reduces":[19],"operator":[20,189,228],"exposure":[21,101,229],"to":[22,46,74,91,102,201,222,230,264],"carcinogenic":[23,192],"styrene":[24,103],"monomer":[25,104],"(IARC":[26],"2B)":[27],">90%":[29,233],"through":[30],"direct,":[31,156],"automated":[32,157],"GC/FID":[33,153],"injection,":[34],"aligning":[35,241],"with":[36,70,182,191,211,242],"the":[37,247],"Hierarchy":[38,248],"of":[39,132,159,249],"Controls.":[40,250],"Validated":[42],"as":[43,65,259],"analytically":[44],"equivalent":[45],"ASTM":[47,202],"methods":[49,204],"(p":[50,205],">":[51,206],"0.05,":[52,207],"Z-score":[53,208],"=":[54,209],"-0.18),":[55],"ensuring":[56],"data":[57],"integrity":[58],"without":[59,162],"compromising":[60],"safety.":[61],"Leverages":[63],"\u03b1-methylstyrene":[64],"an":[66,178],"endogenous":[67,179],"internal":[68,180],"standard":[69,181],"quantified":[71,183],"background":[72,184],"correction":[73],"ensure":[75],"accuracy":[76],"while":[77],"minimizing":[78],"chemical":[79,236],"waste":[80,237],"handling.":[82],"Offers":[84],"scalable,":[86],"automatable":[87],"engineering":[88,262],"control":[89,263],"strategy":[90],"reduce":[92,269],"cancer":[93,266],"risk":[94,267],"in":[95,120,272],"petrochemical":[96,121],"laboratories":[97,274],"worldwide.":[98,275],"Chronic":[99],"(SM),":[105],"Group":[107],"2B":[108],"carcinogen":[109],"per":[110],"IARC,":[111],"represents":[112],"critical":[114],"environmental":[115,148,270],"public":[117],"concern":[119],"industries,":[122],"particularly":[123],"during":[124],"monitoring":[127],"that":[128],"requires":[129],"direct":[130],"handling":[131],"raw":[133],"SM":[134,160,231],"toxic":[136],"reagents":[137],"(methanol,":[138],"hydroxylamine,":[139],"strong":[140],"acids).":[141],"To":[142],"mitigate":[143],"this":[144],"dual":[145],"hazard,":[149],"we":[150],"developed":[151],"method":[154,166,187],"enabling":[155],"injection":[158],"samples":[161],"wet":[163],"chemistry.":[164],"This":[165,251],"specifically":[167],"quantifies":[168],"trace":[169],"aldehydes:":[170],"benzaldehyde,":[171],"phenylacetaldehyde,":[172],"acetophenone":[174],"leveraging":[176],"\u03b1-methylstyrene,":[177],"correction.":[185],"The":[186],"eliminates":[188],"contact":[190],"vapors":[193],"Validation":[197],"confirmed":[198],"analytical":[199,255],"equivalence":[200],"\u20130.18),":[210],"high":[212,218],"sensitivity":[213],"(LOD:":[214],"0.04":[215],"mg/kg)":[216],"precision":[219],"(RSD":[220],"up":[221],"4.7%).":[223],"Crucially,":[224],"workflow":[225],"redesign":[226],"reduces":[227],"cuts":[235],"generation":[238],">90%,":[240],"Green":[243],"Analytical":[244],"Chemistry":[245],"study":[252],"demonstrates":[253],"how":[254],"innovation":[256],"can":[257],"serve":[258],"scalable":[261],"prevent":[265],"burden":[271],"industrial":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}