{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416640209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","title":"Engineering and Assay of Enzymes for Expanded Genetic Alphabet Replication","display_name":"Engineering and Assay of Enzymes for Expanded Genetic Alphabet Replication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416640209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637703/pdf/nihms-2168097.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065789682","display_name":"Sanchita Bhadra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-2405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-2405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanchita Bhadra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","The University of Texas at Austin","Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4956-2405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sandy T. Nguyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandy T. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","The University of Texas at Austin","Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089627980","display_name":"Andrew D. Ellington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-5338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-5338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Ellington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-5338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065789682","https://openalex.org/A5089627980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21392147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"24","first_page":"4731","last_page":"4745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10432","display_name":"DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry","score":0.7060999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10432","display_name":"DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry","score":0.7060999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.155799999833107,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.07880000025033951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expanded-genetic-alphabet","display_name":"expanded genetic alphabet","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mismatch-tolerance","display_name":"mismatch tolerance","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-fidelity","display_name":"polymerase fidelity","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-proofreading","display_name":"DNA proofreading","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512185932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28745","display_name":"Nucleotide","level":3,"score":0.6363000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73573662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130996","display_name":"DNA replication","level":3,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24107716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619","display_name":"Nucleic acid","level":2,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2756471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206286","display_name":"DNA polymerase","level":3,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4481000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185581394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145911","display_name":"Base pair","level":3,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82381507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416878","display_name":"Polymerase","level":3,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153574943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408939","display_name":"Nucleotidyltransferase","level":4,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129312508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133686","display_name":"Oligonucleotide","level":3,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64241487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205774","display_name":"DNA synthesis","level":3,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9418097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440681","display_name":"Directed evolution","level":4,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10853874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180618","display_name":"Genetic code","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004261","descriptor_name":"DNA Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009711","descriptor_name":"Nucleotides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020029","descriptor_name":"Base Pairing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020029","descriptor_name":"Base Pairing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020029","descriptor_name":"Base Pairing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020029","descriptor_name":"Base Pairing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020029","descriptor_name":"Base Pairing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020137","descriptor_name":"Base Pair Mismatch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020137","descriptor_name":"Base Pair Mismatch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020137","descriptor_name":"Base Pair Mismatch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020137","descriptor_name":"Base Pair Mismatch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020137","descriptor_name":"Base Pair Mismatch","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104038378","display_name":"Biochemistry","issn_l":"0006-2960","issn":["0006-2960","1520-4995","1943-295X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41288510","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41288510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13637703","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637703/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637703/pdf/nihms-2168097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13637703","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637703/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13637703/pdf/nihms-2168097.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Biochemistry","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2464983765","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Synthetic and Systems Biology Approaches to Semi-synthetic Cells with Expanded DNA Alphabets","funder_award_id":"2123996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2555360006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1-R01-EB027202-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3969927967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F-1654","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","funder_display_name":"Welch Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4667577737","display_name":"Directed evolution of polymerases that can read and write extremely long sequences","funder_award_id":"5r01eb027202-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947830837","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 EB027202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8214689816","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Using non-canonical genetic alphabets to expand genetic codes in synthetic cells","funder_award_id":"2419640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","display_name":"Welch Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00np6vq88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416640209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416640209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29362848","https://openalex.org/W64403321","https://openalex.org/W956750616","https://openalex.org/W1511852170","https://openalex.org/W1617520624","https://openalex.org/W1688909813","https://openalex.org/W1964928696","https://openalex.org/W1973488583","https://openalex.org/W1979511146","https://openalex.org/W1980301976","https://openalex.org/W1987666378","https://openalex.org/W1996725503","https://openalex.org/W2009275674","https://openalex.org/W2013676609","https://openalex.org/W2019288084","https://openalex.org/W2025735321","https://openalex.org/W2027818313","https://openalex.org/W2028143623","https://openalex.org/W2037705697","https://openalex.org/W2050630660","https://openalex.org/W2051573208","https://openalex.org/W2063308005","https://openalex.org/W2063606548","https://openalex.org/W2065874951","https://openalex.org/W2065894452","https://openalex.org/W2070377322","https://openalex.org/W2071512681","https://openalex.org/W2071847284","https://openalex.org/W2073253475","https://openalex.org/W2082933855","https://openalex.org/W2102699655","https://openalex.org/W2104694288","https://openalex.org/W2115770874","https://openalex.org/W2126871067","https://openalex.org/W2128669859","https://openalex.org/W2129954525","https://openalex.org/W2146373849","https://openalex.org/W2149041336","https://openalex.org/W2152976654","https://openalex.org/W2170704795","https://openalex.org/W2282126234","https://openalex.org/W2528152669","https://openalex.org/W2566906074","https://openalex.org/W2573385318","https://openalex.org/W2592805131","https://openalex.org/W2604656037","https://openalex.org/W2768867213","https://openalex.org/W2783384798","https://openalex.org/W2792504582","https://openalex.org/W2796963398","https://openalex.org/W2799781186","https://openalex.org/W2802979607","https://openalex.org/W2862290943","https://openalex.org/W2885802716","https://openalex.org/W2886860216","https://openalex.org/W2896772928","https://openalex.org/W2917003832","https://openalex.org/W2938267955","https://openalex.org/W2952323901","https://openalex.org/W2976145211","https://openalex.org/W2982067203","https://openalex.org/W2994693196","https://openalex.org/W3003234996","https://openalex.org/W3026169136","https://openalex.org/W3032974666","https://openalex.org/W3044293953","https://openalex.org/W3088830163","https://openalex.org/W3089734902","https://openalex.org/W3090019962","https://openalex.org/W3106835693","https://openalex.org/W3157414663","https://openalex.org/W3194403356","https://openalex.org/W3197688477","https://openalex.org/W4221106659","https://openalex.org/W4280543028","https://openalex.org/W4295050899","https://openalex.org/W4307188379","https://openalex.org/W4315702342","https://openalex.org/W4315702367","https://openalex.org/W4363646839","https://openalex.org/W4366237427","https://openalex.org/W4385271083","https://openalex.org/W4386120279","https://openalex.org/W4386453102","https://openalex.org/W4386467293","https://openalex.org/W4386629834","https://openalex.org/W4387965823","https://openalex.org/W4396903862","https://openalex.org/W4399385865","https://openalex.org/W4403861434","https://openalex.org/W4407099060","https://openalex.org/W4413004607"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Use":[0],"of":[1,80,135,142,159,175,208],"noncanonical":[2,36,213],"nucleotides":[3,18,90],"for":[4,43,61,178],"nucleic":[5],"acid":[6],"replication":[7,146],"provides":[8,24],"a":[9,50,98,105,139],"critical":[10],"way":[11],"to":[12,74,111,126,184,194,204],"understand":[13],"how":[14],"and":[15,23,31,59,69,95,117,130,154,156,162,188,197,210],"why":[16],"natural":[17],"were":[19,72],"chosen":[20],"by":[21,147],"evolution":[22],"potential":[25],"applications":[26],"in":[27,190],"biotechnology,":[28],"diagnostics,":[29],"therapeutics,":[30],"DNA":[32,63,145,150,165],"computation.":[33],"However,":[34],"monitoring":[35],"nucleotide":[37],"incorporation":[38,207],"can":[39,200],"be":[40,124,201],"difficult,":[41],"especially":[42],"high-throughput":[44],"applications.":[45],"Therefore,":[46],"we":[47],"have":[48],"utilized":[49],"6-letter":[51],"genetic":[52,180],"alphabet":[53],"(G,":[54],"A,":[55],"T,":[56],"C,":[57],"Z,":[58],"P)":[60],"toehold-mediated":[62],"strand":[64,112],"exchange":[65],"assays.":[66],"Toehold":[67],"hybridization":[68],"branch":[70],"migration":[71],"found":[73],"proceed":[75],"readily":[76],"through":[77],"the":[78,136,143,157,173,182,206],"formation":[79],"multiple":[81],"consecutive":[82],"non-natural":[83],"base":[84],"pairs":[85],"between":[86],"hydrogen":[87],"bonding":[88],"synthetic":[89],"dZ":[91,131],"(6-amino-5-nitro-2(1":[92],"H":[93,100],")-pyridone)":[94],"dP":[96,129],"(2-amino-imidazo[1,2-":[97],"]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8":[99],")one).":[101],"Unlike":[102],"other":[103],"mismatches,":[104],"dZ:dG":[106],"mis-pair":[107],"was":[108],"minimally":[109],"disruptive":[110],"exchange.":[113],"Overall,":[114],"however,":[115],"positional":[116],"numerary":[118],"effects":[119],"on":[120],"mismatch":[121],"tolerance":[122],"could":[123],"leveraged":[125],"distinguish":[127],"both":[128],"mismatches.":[132],"The":[133],"success":[134],"assay":[137],"allowed":[138],"rapid":[140],"assessment":[141],"semisynthetic":[144],"Escherichia":[148],"coli":[149,161],"polymerases":[151],"I,":[152],"II,":[153],"III\u03b1":[155],"identification":[158],"E.":[160],"Geobacillus":[163],"stearothermophilus":[164],"Pol":[166],"I":[167],"mutants":[168],"with":[169],"improved":[170],"fidelity.":[171],"Given":[172],"difficulty":[174],"adapting":[176],"organisms":[177],"expanded":[179],"alphabets,":[181],"ability":[183],"rapidly":[185],"proof":[186],"sequences":[187],"enzymes":[189],"vitro":[191],"should":[192],"lead":[193],"new":[195],"parts":[196],"circuits":[198],"that":[199],"modularly":[202],"introduced":[203],"improve":[205],"more":[209,211],"different":[212],"nucleotides.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
