{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416631653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","title":"Pressure-dependent leakage modeling and AI-assisted control in a rural water supply network: Varzea da Cobra (Cear\u00e1, Brazil) case study","display_name":"Pressure-dependent leakage modeling and AI-assisted control in a rural water supply network: Varzea da Cobra (Cear\u00e1, Brazil) case study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416631653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/aqua.2025.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228842","display_name":"AQUA - Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","issn_l":"0003-7214","issn":["0003-7214","1365-2087","1605-3974","1606-9935","2709-8028","2709-8036"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320510","host_organization_name":"UWA Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UWA Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AQUA \u2014 Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106812721","display_name":"Josep Francesc Pons-Ausina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1153-5368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1153-5368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josep Francesc Pons-Ausina","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1153-5368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seyed Nima Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1246-0853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1246-0853"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Nima Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Macs Energy & Water, Arnsburger Str. 64, 60385 Frankfurt/Main, Germany","Macs Energy & Water, Arnsburger Str. 64, 60385 Frankfurt/Main, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1246-0853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Macs Energy & Water, Arnsburger Str. 64, 60385 Frankfurt/Main, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macs Energy & Water, Arnsburger Str. 64, 60385 Frankfurt/Main, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120472091","display_name":"Raul Lucas Alves","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raul Lucas Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Macs do Brasil, Rua Desembargador Leite Alburquerque 170, 60.150-150 Fortaleza, Brazil","Macs do Brasil, Rua Desembargador Leite Alburquerque 170, 60.150-150 Fortaleza, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Macs do Brasil, Rua Desembargador Leite Alburquerque 170, 60.150-150 Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macs do Brasil, Rua Desembargador Leite Alburquerque 170, 60.150-150 Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025857814","display_name":"Javier Soriano Olivares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-102X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Soriano Olivares","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1649-102X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024560851","display_name":"Roberto Del Teso March","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-7274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-7274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto del Teso March","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-7274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106812721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61257827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"12","first_page":"814","last_page":"827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10969","display_name":"Water resources management and optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14232","display_name":"Water Resource Management and Quality","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-water-supply","display_name":"rural water supply","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-management","display_name":"pressure management","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-reducing-valves","display_name":"pressure reducing valves","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-night-flow","display_name":"minimum night flow","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-modeling","display_name":"hydraulic modeling","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-loss-reduction","display_name":"water loss reduction","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.76910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97053079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061108","display_name":"Water supply","level":2,"score":0.6765999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66465714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148989","display_name":"Water balance","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187109078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049015","display_name":"Non-revenue water","level":4,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993157625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049015","display_name":"Water leakage","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406791","display_name":"Upset","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182043768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816388","display_name":"Control valves","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778295731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826849","display_name":"Water hammer","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2166/aqua.2025.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228842","display_name":"AQUA - Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","issn_l":"0003-7214","issn":["0003-7214","1365-2087","1605-3974","1606-9935","2709-8028","2709-8036"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320510","host_organization_name":"UWA Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UWA Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AQUA \u2014 Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/aqua.2025.033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2025.033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228842","display_name":"AQUA - Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","issn_l":"0003-7214","issn":["0003-7214","1365-2087","1605-3974","1606-9935","2709-8028","2709-8036"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320510","host_organization_name":"UWA Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["UWA Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AQUA \u2014 Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037325138","https://openalex.org/W4409282150"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"High":[1],"levels":[2],"of":[3,78],"water":[4,16,183,194],"loss":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7,62,146],"leakage":[8,54,110,123,177],"remain":[9],"a":[10,46,79,85,93,137,188],"critical":[11],"challenge":[12],"for":[13,192],"small":[14],"rural":[15,182],"supply":[17,195],"systems,":[18],"where":[19],"technical":[20],"capacity":[21],"and":[22,89,92,148,156,178],"financial":[23],"resources":[24],"are":[25],"often":[26],"limited.":[27],"This":[28,185],"study":[29],"evaluates":[30],"pressure":[31,75,80,164],"management":[32],"strategies":[33,151],"in":[34,42,181,197],"the":[35,104,131],"V\u00e1rzea":[36],"da":[37],"Cobra":[38],"distribution":[39],"network,":[40],"located":[41],"northeastern":[43],"Brazil,":[44],"through":[45,167],"simulation-based":[47],"approach.":[48],"A":[49],"hydraulic":[50],"model":[51],"incorporating":[52],"pressure-dependent":[53],"was":[55,141],"calibrated":[56],"with":[57,84,152],"Minimum":[58],"Night":[59],"Flow":[60],"data":[61,155],"estimate":[63],"real":[64],"losses":[65],"under":[66],"local":[67],"operating":[68],"conditions.":[69],"Three":[70],"scenarios":[71],"were":[72],"analyzed:":[73],"no":[74],"control,":[76],"installation":[77],"reducing":[81],"valve":[82],"(PRV)":[83],"fixed":[86,105],"outlet":[87],"setting":[88],"day/night":[90],"modulation,":[91],"dynamic":[94],"PRV":[95,106,120],"operated":[96],"by":[97,111],"an":[98],"AI-assisted":[99,119],"controller.":[100],"Results":[101],"showed":[102],"that":[103,162],"strategy":[107],"reduced":[108],"daily":[109],"approximately":[112],"24%":[113],"without":[114],"compromising":[115],"service":[116],"levels.":[117],"The":[118,159],"achieved":[121],"comparable":[122],"reduction":[124],"while":[125],"maintaining":[126],"more":[127],"stable":[128],"pressures":[129],"throughout":[130],"day.":[132],"To":[133],"facilitate":[134],"practical":[135],"application,":[136],"Python-based":[138],"decision-support":[139],"tool":[140],"developed,":[142],"enabling":[143],"non-specialist":[144],"operators":[145],"simulate":[147],"evaluate":[149],"control":[150],"minimal":[153],"input":[154],"Excel-based":[157],"outputs.":[158],"findings":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"effective":[163],"management,":[165],"whether":[166],"simple":[168],"mechanical":[169],"solutions":[170],"or":[171],"advanced":[172],"optimization,":[173],"can":[174],"significantly":[175],"reduce":[176],"improve":[179],"reliability":[180],"systems.":[184],"approach":[186],"offers":[187],"scalable,":[189],"low-cost":[190],"pathway":[191],"enhancing":[193],"sustainability":[196],"developing":[198],"regions.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}