{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416631524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","title":"Association of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Score and Prostate-Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) With Prostate Biopsy Histology Outcomes: A Retrospective Study","display_name":"Association of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Score and Prostate-Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) With Prostate Biopsy Histology Outcomes: A Retrospective Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416631524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41458806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.97745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/430695-association-of-prostate-imaging-reporting-and-data-system-pi-rads-score-and-prostate-specific-antigen-density-psad-with-prostate-biopsy-histology-outcomes-a-retrospective-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/430695-association-of-prostate-imaging-reporting-and-data-system-pi-rads-score-and-prostate-specific-antigen-density-psad-with-prostate-biopsy-histology-outcomes-a-retrospective-study.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054707135","display_name":"Vignesh Balasubaramaniam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6517-1317","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6517-1317"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vignesh Balasubaramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anurag Agarwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anurag Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073834355","display_name":"Ashok Kailasa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kailasa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nurul Aimi B Ismail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Aimi B Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Grogan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Grogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Arran Shoker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162236","display_name":"Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01e9g9p17","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162236"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arran Shoker","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Katherine V Rhodes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine V Rhodes","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Krassen Donev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krassen Donev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083490864","display_name":"Shanmugasigamani Kannan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286751378","display_name":"Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03awsb125","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378","https://openalex.org/I4210144625"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanmugasigamani Kannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urology, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, GBR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286751378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41130593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"e97745","last_page":"e97745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10279","display_name":"Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pi-rads-score","display_name":"PI-RADS score","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psa-density","display_name":"PSA density","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gleason-grade","display_name":"Gleason grade","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinically-significant-prostate-cancer","display_name":"clinically significant prostate cancer","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia","display_name":"benign prostatic hyperplasia","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transperineal-prostate-biopsy","display_name":"transperineal prostate biopsy","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-as-risk-factor","display_name":"age as risk factor","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pi-rads-3-lesions","display_name":"PI-RADS 3 lesions","score":0.8130000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9751999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409450","display_name":"Prostate-specific antigen","level":4,"score":0.5618000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775934546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991","display_name":"Biopsy","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57742111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168","display_name":"Histology","level":2,"score":0.37940001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781217009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4086927","display_name":"Prostate biopsy","level":4,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779466945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765251","display_name":"Prostatectomy","level":4,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.97745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/430695-association-of-prostate-imaging-reporting-and-data-system-pi-rads-score-and-prostate-specific-antigen-density-psad-with-prostate-biopsy-histology-outcomes-a-retrospective-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41458806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41458806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12740766","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12740766/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.97745","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97745","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/430695-association-of-prostate-imaging-reporting-and-data-system-pi-rads-score-and-prostate-specific-antigen-density-psad-with-prostate-biopsy-histology-outcomes-a-retrospective-study.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416631524.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416631524.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11097077","https://openalex.org/W1557650544","https://openalex.org/W1694656040","https://openalex.org/W1827911007","https://openalex.org/W2272450061","https://openalex.org/W2288851487","https://openalex.org/W2346685985","https://openalex.org/W2602602904","https://openalex.org/W2893199713","https://openalex.org/W2905856158","https://openalex.org/W2969983122","https://openalex.org/W3036607405","https://openalex.org/W3093479051","https://openalex.org/W3100028784","https://openalex.org/W4306774820","https://openalex.org/W4386192529","https://openalex.org/W4393935425"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,89],"investigate":[5],"the":[6,91],"association":[7,92],"of":[8,131,185],"Prostate":[9],"Imaging":[10],"Reporting":[11],"and":[12,16,46,60,72,81,95,103,124,149,163,169,203],"Data":[13,49],"System":[14],"(PI-RADS)":[15],"prostate-specific":[17,53],"antigen":[18,54],"density":[19],"(PSAD)":[20],"with":[21,97,135,157,210],"prostate":[22,41,56],"biopsy":[23,42],"histology":[24],"outcomes":[25],"in":[26,137,219],"a":[27],"retrospective":[28],"cohort.":[29],"Methods:":[30],"We":[31],"audited":[32],"594":[33],"consecutive":[34],"men":[35],"who":[36],"underwent":[37],"local":[38],"anaesthetic":[39],"transperineal":[40],"between":[43,93],"January":[44],"2022":[45],"June":[47],"2025.":[48],"collected":[50],"included":[51],"age,":[52],"(PSA),":[55],"volume,":[57],"PI-RADS":[58,63,96,151,175,205,220],"score,":[59],"Gleason":[61,100,104,140,143,158,191,211],"grade.":[62],"scores":[64,206],"were":[65,133],"categorised":[66,77],"as":[67,78],"low":[68],"(1-2),":[69],"intermediate":[70],"(3),":[71],"high":[73,150,204],"(4-5).":[74],"PSAD":[75,94,126,146,202,214],"was":[76,87,108,117,181],"<0.15":[79],"ng/mL2":[80],"\u22650.15":[82],"ng/mL2.":[83,128],"Multinomial":[84],"logistic":[85],"regression":[86],"performed":[88],"assess":[90],"benign":[98],"histology,":[99],"6":[101],"cancers,":[102],"\u22657":[105,159,212],"cancers.":[106,213],"Significance":[107],"set":[109],"at":[110],"p<0.05.":[111],"Results:":[112],"The":[113],"median":[114,120,125],"patient":[115],"age":[116],"68.7":[118],"years,":[119],"PSA":[121],"8.20":[122],"ng/mL,":[123],"0.17":[127],"About":[129],"30.1%":[130],"biopsies":[132],"benign,":[134],"malignancies":[136],"69.9%":[138],"(34.7%":[139],"6;":[141],"65.3%":[142],"\u22657).":[144],"High":[145],"(\u22650.15":[147],"ng/mL2)":[148],"(4-5)":[152],"independently":[153],"are":[154,207],"strongly":[155,208],"associated":[156,209],"cancers":[160],"(OR":[161,194],"5.63":[162],"95%":[164,170,196],"CI":[165,171,197],"3.54-8.96;":[166],"OR":[167],"9.14":[168],"4.36-19.19;":[172],"both":[173],"p<0.001).":[174],"3":[176,221],"demonstrated":[177],"non-significant":[178],"trends.":[179],"Age":[180],"an":[182],"independent":[183],"predictor":[184],"clinically":[186],"significant":[187],"cancer":[188],"but":[189],"not":[190],"1":[192],"disease":[193],"1.04;":[195],"1.01-1.07;":[198],"p=0.01)":[199],"Conclusions:":[200],"Elevated":[201],"also":[215],"adds":[216],"discriminatory":[217],"value":[218],"lesions.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}