{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416628362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","title":"Computational ML-aided design tool with kernel-PCA for predicting magnesium recovery from desalination brine","display_name":"Computational ML-aided design tool with kernel-PCA for predicting magnesium recovery from desalination brine","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416628362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764434589","display_name":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","issn_l":"2214-7144","issn":["2214-7144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072286524","display_name":"Jamilu Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-423X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-423X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamilu Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062007467","display_name":"Sani Isah Abba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-2798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-2798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sani.I. Abba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004454651","display_name":"Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-1680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-1680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111300447","display_name":"Abdulhayat M. Jibrin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0135-1440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0135-1440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhayat M. Jibrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076251382","display_name":"Billel Salhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-7257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-7257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billel Salhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040127132","display_name":"Dahiru Umar Lawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-6575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2185-6575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahiru U. Lawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073043057","display_name":"Nadeem Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-1980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-1980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030371811","display_name":"Isam H. Aljundi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-8580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-8580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isam H. Aljundi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membrane and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062007467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69388311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":null,"first_page":"109139","last_page":"109139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.6937999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.6937999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium-recovery","display_name":"magnesium recovery","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desalination-brine","display_name":"desalination brine","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-stage-flash-desalination","display_name":"multi-stage flash desalination","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process-regression","display_name":"Gaussian process regression","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-pca","display_name":"kernel principal component analysis","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brine-management","display_name":"brine management","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier-comparison","display_name":"classifier comparison","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776870568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190873","display_name":"Desalination","level":3,"score":0.676800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6572999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.65420001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214403","display_name":"Brine","level":2,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.109139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764434589","display_name":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","issn_l":"2214-7144","issn":["2214-7144"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Water Process Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5925999879837036,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065894656","https://openalex.org/W2088794999","https://openalex.org/W2088874310","https://openalex.org/W2099129687","https://openalex.org/W2106100548","https://openalex.org/W2608282278","https://openalex.org/W2608373540","https://openalex.org/W2756063524","https://openalex.org/W2933909517","https://openalex.org/W2967078206","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W3011324788","https://openalex.org/W3024514109","https://openalex.org/W3028860567","https://openalex.org/W3092776813","https://openalex.org/W3138061517","https://openalex.org/W3159785876","https://openalex.org/W3170147864","https://openalex.org/W3186496666","https://openalex.org/W4229061252","https://openalex.org/W4284958113","https://openalex.org/W4287148124","https://openalex.org/W4296432719","https://openalex.org/W4297200180","https://openalex.org/W4308623527","https://openalex.org/W4366586207","https://openalex.org/W4385623295","https://openalex.org/W4389482191","https://openalex.org/W4391515181","https://openalex.org/W4396732754","https://openalex.org/W4396992134","https://openalex.org/W4398231096","https://openalex.org/W4401849209","https://openalex.org/W4401937440","https://openalex.org/W4402333344","https://openalex.org/W4403271719","https://openalex.org/W4403364219","https://openalex.org/W4404549796","https://openalex.org/W4405316654","https://openalex.org/W4407625919","https://openalex.org/W4407852149","https://openalex.org/W4408053298","https://openalex.org/W4408972621","https://openalex.org/W4409894534","https://openalex.org/W4409905697","https://openalex.org/W4410714237","https://openalex.org/W4411098758","https://openalex.org/W4411527852","https://openalex.org/W4411864819","https://openalex.org/W4412714397","https://openalex.org/W4412785655","https://openalex.org/W4413126245","https://openalex.org/W4414474454"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
