{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416587992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","title":"Effect of levothyroxine dosing time during Ramadan on thyroid functions among adult patients with primary hypothyroidism","display_name":"Effect of levothyroxine dosing time during Ramadan on thyroid functions among adult patients with primary hypothyroidism","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416587992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746808","display_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","issn_l":"0973-0354","issn":["0973-0354","2250-1452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009700938","display_name":"Naima Parveen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naima Parveen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shefali Gond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shefali Gond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108112361","display_name":"Sachin Chittawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-717X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-717X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Chittawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin\u2019s 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107877444","display_name":"Deepak Khandelwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-8206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-8206"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Khandelwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khandelwal Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrinology Clinic, Delhi, India","Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin's 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khandelwal Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrinology Clinic, Delhi, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrinology, Harmony-Dr. Sachin's 360 Degree Diabetes Care, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108112361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"107","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10293","display_name":"Thyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12745","display_name":"Dietary Effects on Health","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levothyroxine","display_name":"levothyroxine","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-of-drug-administration","display_name":"timing of drug administration","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ramadan-fasting","display_name":"Ramadan fasting","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-hypothyroidism","display_name":"primary hypothyroidism","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-stimulating-hormone","display_name":"thyroid-stimulating hormone","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-thyroxine","display_name":"total thyroxine","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meal-timing","display_name":"meal timing","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9567999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775883008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773449","display_name":"Levothyroxine","level":3,"score":0.8633000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.7875999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993291352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid function","level":3,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778840127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712838","display_name":"Thyroid function tests","level":3,"score":0.38940000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777886399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211544","display_name":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone","level":3,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779571634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422106","display_name":"Thyroid hormones","level":3,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777785397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492194","display_name":"Group B","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779258352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531012","display_name":"Congenital hypothyroidism","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994032529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673122","display_name":"Thyroid dysfunction","level":3,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777195454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Euthyroid","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020081911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Serum concentration","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746808","display_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","issn_l":"0973-0354","issn":["0973-0354","2250-1452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_15_25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746808","display_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","issn_l":"0973-0354","issn":["0973-0354","2250-1452"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Thyroid Research and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126069483","https://openalex.org/W1747119434","https://openalex.org/W2045561274","https://openalex.org/W2530107877","https://openalex.org/W2610738055","https://openalex.org/W2963436978","https://openalex.org/W2966234702","https://openalex.org/W3015294354","https://openalex.org/W3191802060","https://openalex.org/W4283008688","https://openalex.org/W4308410243","https://openalex.org/W4319879832","https://openalex.org/W4386910923","https://openalex.org/W4408640427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154868378","https://openalex.org/W4319879832","https://openalex.org/W4386910923","https://openalex.org/W4283008688","https://openalex.org/W3022524544","https://openalex.org/W3096439383","https://openalex.org/W4387362053","https://openalex.org/W4402972974","https://openalex.org/W7160430713","https://openalex.org/W3015294354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Background:":[1],"Ramadan":[2,28,47,74],"fasting":[3,253],"alters":[4],"meal":[5],"timing":[6,153],"and":[7,57,94,105,115,133,159,211,251],"poses":[8],"challenges":[9],"to":[10,37,206,216],"optimal":[11],"levothyroxine":[12],"(LT4)":[13],"absorption":[14],"in":[15,150,161,175,189,200,224,234],"patients":[16],"with":[17,53,68],"hypothyroidism.":[18,55],"Evidence":[19],"is":[20],"limited":[21],"regarding":[22],"the":[23,39,142,151,162,201,225],"best":[24],"dosing":[25,241,261],"time":[26],"during":[27,46,243],"fasting.":[29],"Objective:":[30],"The":[31,144],"objective":[32],"of":[33,41,131],"this":[34],"study":[35,62],"was":[36,120,148],"evaluate":[38],"impact":[40],"different":[42,239],"LT4":[43,240],"administration":[44],"timings":[45,242],"on":[48],"thyroid":[49,235],"functions":[50],"among":[51],"adults":[52,65],"primary":[54,69],"Materials":[56],"Methods:":[58],"This":[59],"prospective,":[60],"observational":[61],"enrolled":[63],"68":[64],"(18\u201360":[66],"years)":[67],"hypothyroidism":[70],"who":[71],"fasted":[72],"throughout":[73],"2025.":[75],"Participants":[76],"were":[77,109,139,193,232],"stratified":[78],"into":[79],"three":[80],"groups:":[81],"Group":[82,88,95],"1":[83,112],"(preiftar,":[84],"n":[85,91,99],"=":[86,92,100,170,183,209,219],"34),":[87],"2":[89],"(presuhoor,":[90],"22),":[93],"3":[96],"(random":[97],"timing,":[98],"12).":[101],"Thyroid-stimulating":[102],"hormone":[103],"(TSH)":[104],"total":[106],"thyroxine":[107],"(T4)":[108],"measured":[110],"within":[111],"month":[113],"before":[114],"after":[116],"Ramadan.":[117,244],"TSH":[118,147,173,190,195],"control":[119,196],"defined":[121],"as":[122],"per":[123],"standard":[124],"reference":[125],"ranges.":[126],"Statistical":[127],"analysis":[128,130],"included":[129],"variance":[132],"Chi-square":[134],"tests.":[135],"Results:":[136],"Baseline":[137],"demographics":[138],"comparable":[140],"across":[141,238],"groups.":[143],"mean":[145],"pre-Ramadan":[146],"highest":[149],"random":[152,226],"group":[154,164,203,213],"(23.19":[155],"\u00b1":[156,166],"24.37":[157],"mIU/L)":[158,168],"lowest":[160],"presuhoor":[163,212],"(4.85":[165],"6.67":[167],"(P":[169,182],"0.03).":[171],"Post-Ramadan":[172],"decreased":[174],"all":[176],"groups":[177],"but":[178,221],"without":[179],"statistical":[180],"significance":[181],"0.38).":[184],"No":[185,229],"significant":[186,230],"intragroup":[187],"changes":[188],"or":[191],"T4":[192],"observed.":[194],"rates":[197],"improved":[198],"modestly":[199],"preiftar":[202],"(from":[204,214],"16":[205],"18;":[207],"P":[208,218],"0.75)":[210],"18":[215],"22;":[217],"0.12)":[220],"remained":[222],"unchanged":[223],"group.":[227],"Conclusion:":[228],"differences":[231],"found":[233],"function":[236],"outcomes":[237],"These":[245],"findings":[246],"suggest":[247],"that":[248],"consistent":[249],"adherence":[250],"appropriate":[252],"intervals":[254],"may":[255],"be":[256],"more":[257],"important":[258],"than":[259],"specific":[260],"timings.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
