{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416564705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","title":"A contour-based pixel distribution for segmenting unpolished and broken rice grain","display_name":"A contour-based pixel distribution for segmenting unpolished and broken rice grain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416564705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.7844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/7844/11432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/7844/11432","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102734047","display_name":"S Kiruthika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-391X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-391X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Kiruthika","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1615-391X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120422603","display_name":"Athanessious J Joshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-3200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-3200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanessious J Joshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-3200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Chennai 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030029506","display_name":"Karthika Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-2463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-2463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajendran R Karthika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore campus, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-2463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore campus, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015031718","display_name":"Nuvvuru Divya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9814-6962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9814-6962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagarajan Divya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore campus, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9814-6962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore campus, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"sp4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-quality-grading","display_name":"rice quality grading","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unpolished-rice","display_name":"unpolished rice","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-segmentation","display_name":"grain segmentation","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canny-edge-detection","display_name":"Canny edge detection","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-component-analysis","display_name":"connected component analysis","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-thresholding","display_name":"adaptive thresholding","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-operations","display_name":"morphological operations","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7475000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.6787999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5807999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14705441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597183","display_name":"Canny edge detector","level":5,"score":0.44609999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193435613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997928","display_name":"Connected component","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16249780","display_name":"Grain quality","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988016980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22855","display_name":"Consumer market","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185568154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530242","display_name":"Mathematical morphology","level":4,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125308379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057","display_name":"Market segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.7844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/7844/11432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14719/pst.7844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.7844","pdf_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/7844/11432","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210213485","display_name":"Plant Science Today","issn_l":"2348-1900","issn":["2348-1900"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Science Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319346","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322838","display_name":"VIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416564705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416564705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482588086","https://openalex.org/W1515322958","https://openalex.org/W1911842519","https://openalex.org/W1966414965","https://openalex.org/W1986690591","https://openalex.org/W2082163334","https://openalex.org/W2123507580","https://openalex.org/W2253017819","https://openalex.org/W2492133633","https://openalex.org/W2765242098","https://openalex.org/W2923955894","https://openalex.org/W3039917573","https://openalex.org/W3159278525","https://openalex.org/W3168836749","https://openalex.org/W4385898955","https://openalex.org/W4388597071","https://openalex.org/W4391589250","https://openalex.org/W4404731427","https://openalex.org/W4405175706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402593135","https://openalex.org/W4414985600","https://openalex.org/W7154295497","https://openalex.org/W7129760027","https://openalex.org/W2969854835","https://openalex.org/W2188600407","https://openalex.org/W7160698954","https://openalex.org/W2743701753","https://openalex.org/W4247539962","https://openalex.org/W2811457614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rice":[0,179],"quality":[1,205],"grading":[2],"is":[3,54],"a":[4,98,196],"critical":[5],"step":[6],"in":[7,186],"ensuring":[8],"the":[9,104,125,166],"market":[10],"value":[11],"and":[12,29,45,56,69,90,121,139,153,172,177,190,199],"consumer":[13],"acceptance":[14],"of":[15,42,67,169],"rice.":[16],"It":[17],"involves":[18],"assessing":[19],"various":[20],"physical":[21],"attributes":[22],"such":[23,84],"as":[24,85,133],"grain":[25],"integrity,":[26],"polish":[27],"level":[28],"shape":[30,120],"to":[31,58,93,114],"determine":[32],"its":[33],"suitability":[34],"for":[35,202],"consumption,":[36],"processing,":[37],"or":[38],"export.":[39],"Traditional":[40],"methods":[41],"identifying":[43],"unpolished":[44,68,126,134,191],"broken":[46,70,143,189],"rice":[47,71,135,162,204],"grains":[48,72,96,116,144],"rely":[49],"on":[50,118,148,161,209],"manual":[51,210],"inspection,":[52],"which":[53],"time-consuming":[55],"prone":[57],"human":[59],"error.":[60],"This":[61,193],"article":[62],"suggests":[63],"an":[64],"automatic":[65],"segmentation":[66],"using":[73,103],"contour-based":[74],"pixel":[75,128],"distribution":[76],"approach.":[77],"The":[78,156],"method":[79],"leverages":[80],"image":[81],"processing":[82],"techniques":[83],"greyscale":[86],"conversion,":[87],"adaptive":[88],"thresholding":[89],"morphological":[91],"operations":[92],"extract":[94],"individual":[95],"from":[97,165],"sample.":[99],"Contours":[100],"are":[101,131,145],"detected":[102],"Canny":[105],"edge":[106],"detection":[107],"algorithm,":[108],"followed":[109],"by":[110],"connected":[111],"component":[112],"analysis":[113],"segment":[115],"based":[117,147],"their":[119],"size.":[122],"To":[123],"differentiate":[124],"grains,":[127],"intensity":[129],"distributions":[130],"analysed,":[132],"exhibits":[136],"higher":[137],"roughness":[138],"uneven":[140],"textures.":[141],"Similarly,":[142],"identified":[146],"contour":[149],"perimeter,":[150],"aspect":[151],"ratio":[152],"area":[154],"thresholds.":[155],"proposed":[157],"system":[158],"was":[159],"tested":[160],"samples":[163],"collected":[164],"VIT":[167],"School":[168],"Agricultural":[170],"Innovations":[171],"Advanced":[173],"Learning":[174],"(VAIAL),":[175],"Vellore":[176],"NK":[178],"Mill,":[180],"Redhills,":[181],"Chennai,":[182],"achieving":[183],"high":[184],"accuracy":[185],"distinguishing":[187],"whole,":[188],"grains.":[192],"approach":[194],"provides":[195],"cost-effective,":[197],"non-destructive":[198],"efficient":[200],"solution":[201],"automated":[203],"grading,":[206],"reducing":[207],"dependency":[208],"inspection.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
