{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416547952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","title":"Evaluation of Optimally Tuned K-Nearest Neighbors for 30-Minute Blood Glucose Prediction in Type 1 Diabetes Using OhioT1DM Dataset","display_name":"Evaluation of Optimally Tuned K-Nearest Neighbors for 30-Minute Blood Glucose Prediction in Type 1 Diabetes Using OhioT1DM Dataset","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416547952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/8334/5380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/8334/5380","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120661385","display_name":"Yacine Hachi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187560010","display_name":"University of B\u00e9ja\u00efa","ror":"https://ror.org/03yb2hp88","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yacine Hachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011755287","display_name":"Soraya Tighidet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187560010","display_name":"University of B\u00e9ja\u00efa","ror":"https://ror.org/03yb2hp88","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soraya Tighidet","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085942031","display_name":"Kamal Amroun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-2783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-2783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187560010","display_name":"University of B\u00e9ja\u00efa","ror":"https://ror.org/03yb2hp88","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Amroun","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMED Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086767665","display_name":"Meriem Djouadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157185","display_name":"University of Eloued","ror":"https://ror.org/05416s909","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meriem Djouadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Echahid Hamma Lakhdar University, P. O. B. 789, 39000 El Oued, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Echahid Hamma Lakhdar University, P. O. B. 789, 39000 El Oued, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35707519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.7261000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.2079000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-glucose-prediction","display_name":"blood glucose prediction","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbor-regression","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors regression","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-forecasting","display_name":"short-term forecasting","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-size","display_name":"window size","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-metrics","display_name":"distance measures","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-weighting","display_name":"distance weighting","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-management","display_name":"diabetes management","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications-prevention","display_name":"diabetes complications prevention","score":0.3190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5388000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018376624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100933","display_name":"Diabetes treatment","level":4,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986379492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638492","display_name":"Continuous glucose monitoring","level":4,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/8334/5380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:neshe.ijs.si:article/8334","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/index/article/view/8334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.31449/inf.v49i11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i11.8334","pdf_url":"https://www.informatica.si/index.php/informatica/article/download/8334/5380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173311","display_name":"Informatica","issn_l":"0350-5596","issn":["0350-5596","1854-3871"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314525","host_organization_name":"Slovenian Society Informatika","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Slovenian Society Informatika"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Informatica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335007","display_name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la Recherche Scientifique et du D\u00e9veloppement Technologique","ror":"https://ror.org/04jpfrv51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416547952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416547952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058097276","https://openalex.org/W2793729473","https://openalex.org/W3035158167","https://openalex.org/W3135262141","https://openalex.org/W3197187428","https://openalex.org/W4213415292","https://openalex.org/W4313477457","https://openalex.org/W4387585322","https://openalex.org/W4409274790","https://openalex.org/W4412508587"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234714401","https://openalex.org/W3096537456","https://openalex.org/W4226171664","https://openalex.org/W4389315688","https://openalex.org/W4317206987","https://openalex.org/W2948102584","https://openalex.org/W4308069885","https://openalex.org/W4407946090","https://openalex.org/W4405271097","https://openalex.org/W7163357029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetes":[0],"is":[1,19],"a":[2,13,98,244,257,278],"long-term":[3],"chronic":[4],"medical":[5],"condition":[6],"with":[7,182,211,235,256,277,302],"the":[8,22,28,53,56,75,84,90,111,137,142,148,153,167,170,175,179,208,218,262,266,320],"potential":[9],"to":[10,60,104,131],"evolve":[11],"into":[12,136],"global":[14],"healthcare":[15],"crisis,":[16],"glycemic":[17],"control":[18],"fundamental":[20],"for":[21,40],"effective":[23],"management":[24],"of":[25,30,55,144,147,169,178,221,238,251,272,285,322],"diabetes":[26],"and":[27,80,124,160,201,225,248,282,318,328],"prevention":[29],"its":[31],"associated":[32],"complications.":[33],"Forecasting":[34],"future":[35,62],"blood":[36,66,311],"glucose":[37,67,312],"levels":[38],"(BGLs)":[39,117,133],"diabetic":[41],"patients":[42,71,73,82],"can":[43,308],"help":[44,316],"them":[45],"avoid":[46],"serious":[47,323],"health":[48],"problems.":[49],"This":[50,139,296],"study":[51,140],"investigates":[52],"application":[54],"KNN":[57,149,180,206,300],"regression":[58],"algorithm":[59,181,301],"predict":[61,132,310],"(BGLs),":[63],"utilizing":[64],"historical":[65,102,113],"measurements":[68,103],"from":[69,74,83],"twelve":[70],"(six":[72],"Ohio":[76,85],"dataset":[77,86,231],"version":[78,87,220],"2018":[79],"six":[81],"2020)":[88],"as":[89,128,152,326],"only":[91],"input":[92,129],"feature.":[93],"Our":[94],"proposed":[95],"approach":[96],"employed":[97],"methodology":[99],"that":[100,299],"utilized":[101],"train":[105],"predictive":[106],"models.":[107],"Specifically,":[108],"we":[109,173],"leveraged":[110],"following":[112],"data":[114],"points":[115],"-":[116,127],"at":[118],"4-hours,":[119],"8-hours,":[120],"12-hours,":[121],"16-hours,":[122],"20-hours,":[123],"24-hours":[125],"intervals":[126],"features":[130],"30":[134],"minutes":[135],"future.":[138],"explores":[141],"impact":[143],"varying":[145],"parameters":[146],"algorithm,":[150],"such":[151,325],"K":[154],"value=":[155],"[2,3,5,7,11],":[156],"weights=":[157],"['uniform',":[158],"'distance']":[159],"distance":[161],"metric=":[162],"['euclidean',":[163],"'manhattan',":[164],"'minkowski'],":[165],"on":[166],"performance":[168,234],"model.":[171],"Furthermore,":[172],"compared":[174],"obtained":[176],"results":[177,210,268],"other":[183],"machine":[184],"learning":[185],"methods,":[186],"including":[187],"linear":[188],"regression,":[189],"Random":[190],"Forests,":[191],"Support":[192],"Vector":[193],"Machines,":[194],"CatBoostRegressor,":[195],"LightGBM,":[196],"XGBoost,":[197],"artificial":[198],"neural":[199],"networks":[200],"previous":[202],"studies.":[203],"Among":[204],"these,":[205],"yielded":[207,232],"best":[209,267],"optimal":[212,233,303],"hyperparameters":[213,304],"(k=2,":[214,305],"Weights='distance',":[215,306],"Metric='manhattan')":[216,307],"in":[217],"tow":[219],"datasets":[222],"OhioT1DM":[223,226,229,263],"V2018":[224,230],"V2020.":[227],"The":[228],"an":[236,249,270,283,292],"RMSE":[237,271],"5.09":[239],"\u00b1":[240,253,274,287],"0.91":[241],"mg/dl":[242,255,276,289],"using":[243,291],"24-hour":[245],"window":[246,259,280,294],"size,":[247,281],"MAE":[250,284],"2.42":[252],"0.34":[254,288],"12-hour":[258,279],"size.":[260,295],"For":[261],"V2020":[264],"dataset,":[265],"were":[269],"5.56":[273],"1.14":[275],"2.47":[286],"achieved":[290],"8-hour":[293],"research":[297],"confirms":[298],"effectively":[309],"events,":[313],"which":[314],"will":[315],"prevent":[317],"reduce":[319],"occurrence":[321],"complications":[324],"hypoglycemia":[327],"hyperglycemia.":[329]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}