{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416463510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","title":"Peer Review Report For: A multi-center prospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of differential pricing and health systems strengthening on access to medicines and management of hypertension and diabetes in Ghana: A study protocol [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]","display_name":"Peer Review Report For: A multi-center prospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of differential pricing and health systems strengthening on access to medicines and management of hypertension and diabetes in Ghana: A study protocol [version 2; peer review: 3 approved]","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416463510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051397","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal\u00a0(UKZN)","raw_type":"peer-review"},"volume":null,"type":"peer-review","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147662171","display_name":"Linda M. Mobula","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linda M. Mobula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205","Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135938020","display_name":"Stephen Sarfo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Sarfo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059275209","display_name":"Lynda Arthur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynda Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghana Access and Affordability Program, Accra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghana Access and Affordability Program, Accra","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020417588","display_name":"Gilbert M Burnham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-4894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-4894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilbert Burnham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040284629","display_name":"Jacob Plange\u2010Rhule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-2616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-2616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129436","display_name":"Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons","ror":"https://ror.org/031jxes94","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129436"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Plange-Rhule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135152949","display_name":"Daniel Ansong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28046988","display_name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb23x68","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Ansong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28046988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073826570","display_name":"Edith Enyonam Gavor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111406484","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05c7h4935","country_code":"GH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111406484"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith Gavor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health, Accra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health, Accra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111406484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009597760","display_name":"David Ofori\u2010Adjei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-4188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1912-4188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ofori-Adjei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147662171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9086999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.07850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-differentiation","display_name":"price differentiation","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-systems-strengthening","display_name":"health system strengthening","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-medicines","display_name":"access to medicines","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antihypertensive-therapy","display_name":"antihypertensive therapy","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-management","display_name":"diabetes management","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-affordability","display_name":"drug affordability","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-partnerships","display_name":"public-private partnerships","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-and-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low- and middle-income countries","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-cancer-care","display_name":"access to cancer care","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5551000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5051000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100933","display_name":"Diabetes management","level":4,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039","display_name":"Disease management","level":4,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051397","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal\u00a0(UKZN)","raw_type":"peer-review"},{"id":"doi:10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050752","display_name":"Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21956/gatesopenres.13889.r26417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051397","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal\u00a0(UKZN)","raw_type":"peer-review"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"There":[1],"is":[2,43,90],"evidence":[3],"to":[4,41,48,61,78,83,99,115,157,180,218,222,225,258],"suggest":[5],"that":[6,146],"the":[7,28,49,66,103,117,127,228,273,290],"prevalence":[8],"of":[9,27,30,53,69,105,119,129,214,230,253,279,283,287,292],"non-communicable":[10],"diseases":[11,16],"(NCDs),":[12],"in":[13,34,71,135],"particular":[14],"cardiovascular":[15],"and":[17,36,51,81,86,123,132,155,162,175,189,207,232,234,255,281,285,295],"diabetes,":[18,130,233,293],"are":[19],"being":[20],"recognized":[21],"as":[22,193,195],"forming":[23],"a":[24,45,91,95],"substantial":[25],"proportion":[26],"burden":[29],"disease":[31,236],"among":[32],"populations":[33,161],"Low-":[35],"Middle-Income":[37],"Countries":[38],"(LMICs).":[39],"Access":[40],"treatment":[42,229,291],"likely":[44],"key":[46],"barrier":[47],"control":[50],"prevention":[52],"NCD":[54],"outcomes.":[55],"Differential":[56],"pricing,":[57],"an":[58],"approach":[59],"used":[60,114],"price":[62],"drugs":[63,226],"based":[64],"on":[65,126],"purchasing":[67],"power":[68],"patients":[70],"different":[72],"socioeconomic":[73],"segments,":[74],"has":[75],"been":[76],"shown":[77],"be":[79,100,113],"beneficial":[80],"leads":[82],"improved":[84,251],"access":[85,156,224,257],"affordability.":[87],"Methods:":[88],"This":[89],"quasi-experimental":[92],"study,":[93],"with":[94,169,239],"pragmatic":[96],"trial":[97],"design,":[98],"conducted":[101],"over":[102],"course":[104],"three":[106,196],"years.":[107],"A":[108,137],"mixed":[109],"methods":[110],"design":[111],"will":[112,147,166,242,267],"evaluate":[116],"effects":[118],"health":[120,152,245,269],"systems":[121,153,246],"strengthening":[122,154,247,271],"differential":[124,262],"pricing":[125],"management":[128,252],"hypertension":[131,174,231,294],"selected":[133],"cancers":[134],"Ghana.":[136],"public":[138],"private":[139],"partnership":[140],"was":[141],"established":[142],"between":[143],"all":[144],"sites":[145],"receive":[148],"multi-level":[149],"interventions,":[150],"including":[151],"medicines":[158,260],"interventions.":[159],"Study":[160,164],"sites:":[163],"participants":[165],"include":[167],"individuals":[168],"new":[170],"or":[171],"previously":[172],"diagnosed":[173],"diabetes":[176],"(n=3,300),":[177],"who":[178],"present":[179],"two":[181],"major":[182],"referral":[183],"hospitals,":[184,198],"Komfo":[185],"Anokye":[186],"Teaching":[187,191],"Hospital":[188],"Tamale":[190],"Hospital,":[192,206],"well":[194],"district":[197],"namely":[199],"Kings":[200],"Medical":[201],"Centre,":[202],"Agogo":[203],"Presbyterian":[204],"District":[205],"Atua":[208],"Government":[209],"Hospital.":[210],"Discussion:":[211],"The":[212],"objective":[213],"this":[215],"study":[216],"aims":[217],"test":[219],"approaches":[220],"intended":[221],"improve":[223,235],"for":[227,289],"control.":[237],"Patients":[238],"these":[240],"conditions":[241],"benefit":[243],"from":[244],"interventions":[248],"(education,":[249],"counseling,":[250],"disease),":[254],"increased":[256],"innovative":[259],"via":[261],"pricing.":[263],"Pilot":[264],"programs":[265],"also":[266],"facilitate":[268],"system":[270],"at":[272],"participating":[274],"institutions,":[275],"which":[276],"includes":[277],"training":[278],"clinicians":[280],"updating":[282],"guidelines":[284],"production":[286],"protocols":[288],"cancer.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}