{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416396111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","title":"Enhancing critical thinking and ethical decision-making through learner-centered strategies in business education","display_name":"Enhancing critical thinking and ethical decision-making through learner-centered strategies in business education","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416396111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2588420?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764918247","display_name":"Cogent Education","issn_l":"2331-186X","issn":["2331-186X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2588420?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092722200","display_name":"Mahadih Kyambade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0257-9601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0257-9601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahadih Kyambade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0257-9601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065561054","display_name":"Gideon Nkurunziza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-2547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6791-2547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gideon Nkurunziza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Makerere University Business School","Department of Education, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Makerere University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093237670","display_name":"Afulah Namatovu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5799-3950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5799-3950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afulah Namatovu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Computing & IT, Makerere University Business School","Department of Applied Computing & IT, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5799-3950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing & IT, Makerere University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Computing & IT, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093237669","display_name":"Monica Tushabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-6578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-6578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Tushabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063216105","display_name":"Godwin Kwemarira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-9253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-9253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godwin Kwemarira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Governance, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092722200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"fwci":14.1367,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99022979,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12671","display_name":"Management and Marketing Education","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-critical-thinking","display_name":"critical thinking instruction","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making","display_name":"ethical decision-making","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-communication","display_name":"business communication","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-thinking","display_name":"analytical thinking","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persuasive-communication","display_name":"persuasive communication","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-crafting","display_name":"message crafting","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andragogy","display_name":"andragogy","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-centered-learning","display_name":"student-centered learning","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-education","display_name":"business education","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-reform","display_name":"curriculum reform","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-skills","display_name":"21st century skills","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.7376999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.6564000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.6101999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4706000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171560490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3374857","display_name":"Convergent thinking","level":4,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523056402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4086500","display_name":"Business education","level":3,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751161","display_name":"Analytical skill","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80245801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475","display_name":"Semi-structured interview","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175815440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115749","display_name":"Business communication","level":2,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777765802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465899","display_name":"Andragogy","level":3,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108867877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186773","display_name":"Critical systems thinking","level":3,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2588420?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764918247","display_name":"Cogent Education","issn_l":"2331-186X","issn":["2331-186X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4dd666b53904edc98370c4834d2bd8f","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4dd666b53904edc98370c4834d2bd8f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Education, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2588420","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2588420?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764918247","display_name":"Cogent Education","issn_l":"2331-186X","issn":["2331-186X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331223","display_name":"Makerere University Business School","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416396111.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416396111.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515587369","https://openalex.org/W1968430671","https://openalex.org/W2010593734","https://openalex.org/W2071010852","https://openalex.org/W2460467692","https://openalex.org/W2569608114","https://openalex.org/W2573392575","https://openalex.org/W2601787256","https://openalex.org/W2605373736","https://openalex.org/W2732941072","https://openalex.org/W2743072699","https://openalex.org/W2872128483","https://openalex.org/W2883902215","https://openalex.org/W2889151250","https://openalex.org/W2896142295","https://openalex.org/W2898299779","https://openalex.org/W2903491369","https://openalex.org/W2953105769","https://openalex.org/W2984316093","https://openalex.org/W2986659974","https://openalex.org/W3084092222","https://openalex.org/W3107719371","https://openalex.org/W3123528190","https://openalex.org/W3215288085","https://openalex.org/W4200240116","https://openalex.org/W4230801243","https://openalex.org/W4233571552","https://openalex.org/W4238102362","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4307479714","https://openalex.org/W4313354030","https://openalex.org/W4379185516","https://openalex.org/W4379534153","https://openalex.org/W4388567600","https://openalex.org/W4388593147","https://openalex.org/W4391752681","https://openalex.org/W4393031946","https://openalex.org/W4396514012","https://openalex.org/W4396634365","https://openalex.org/W4400600032","https://openalex.org/W4401215095","https://openalex.org/W4401914603","https://openalex.org/W4403775895","https://openalex.org/W4405108046","https://openalex.org/W4405140335","https://openalex.org/W4405217019","https://openalex.org/W4405706692","https://openalex.org/W4407593802","https://openalex.org/W4408202218","https://openalex.org/W4409146983","https://openalex.org/W4409165296","https://openalex.org/W4409255980","https://openalex.org/W4409503431","https://openalex.org/W4409869367","https://openalex.org/W4413104423","https://openalex.org/W4414744440","https://openalex.org/W4415057781"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017156309","https://openalex.org/W4408979684","https://openalex.org/W4385352527","https://openalex.org/W2269612651","https://openalex.org/W7133318369","https://openalex.org/W3012983960","https://openalex.org/W3137970196","https://openalex.org/W2295112004","https://openalex.org/W2320944238","https://openalex.org/W1982892074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,57],"study":[1,58,81,137],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,49,64,121,136,171,207],"integration":[4],"of":[5,123],"andragogical":[6],"and":[7,17,75,112,151,162,186],"pedagogical":[8],"strategies":[9],"in":[10,38,66,70,126,170,179],"critical":[11,31,90,116],"thinking":[12,32,91,117],"training":[13,92],"to":[14,48,120,155],"enhance":[15],"analytical":[16,73,94,180],"ethical":[18,76,110,187],"decision-making":[19,188],"skills":[20],"among":[21,78],"business":[22,51,124],"students":[23],"at":[24,199],"Makerere":[25],"University":[26],"Business":[27],"School":[28],"(MUBS).":[29],"While":[30],"is":[33,106],"globally":[34],"recognized":[35],"as":[36],"essential":[37,203],"higher":[39],"education,":[40],"limited":[41],"research":[42],"has":[43],"explored":[44,82],"structured":[45],"instruction":[46],"tailored":[47],"Ugandan":[50],"education":[52],"or":[53],"broader":[54],"African":[55],"context.":[56],"addresses":[59],"this":[60],"gap":[61],"by":[62],"examining":[63],"deficiency":[65],"current":[67],"training,":[68],"particularly":[69],"fostering":[71],"both":[72],"reasoning":[74,181],"awareness":[77],"learners.":[79],"The":[80],"four":[83],"questions:":[84],"(1)":[85],"To":[86],"what":[87],"extent":[88],"does":[89,98,115],"improve":[93],"abilities?":[95],"(2)":[96],"How":[97,114],"it":[99],"impact":[100],"message":[101],"crafting":[102],"skills?":[103],"(3)":[104],"What":[105],"its":[107],"effect":[108],"on":[109],"decision-making?":[111],"(4)":[113],"proficiency":[118],"relate":[119],"effectiveness":[122],"communication":[125,184],"professional":[127],"contexts?":[128],"Using":[129],"a":[130],"convergent":[131],"parallel":[132],"mixed":[133],"methods":[134],"design,":[135],"combined":[138],"quantitative":[139],"assessments":[140],"through":[141],"quasi-experimental":[142],"pre-test/post-test":[143],"evaluations":[144],"with":[145,202],"qualitative":[146],"insights":[147],"from":[148],"semi-structured":[149],"interviews":[150],"focus":[152],"group":[153],"discussions":[154],"deepen":[156],"interpretation.":[157],"Statistical":[158],"analysis":[159,164],"using":[160],"SPSS":[161],"thematic":[163],"via":[165],"NVivo":[166],"showed":[167],"significant":[168],"improvements":[169],"trained":[172],"groups":[173],"(p":[174],"<":[175],"0.001)":[176],"including":[177],"gains":[178],"(26.3%),":[182],"persuasive":[183],"(21.7%),":[185],"(26.6%).":[189],"These":[190],"findings":[191],"provide":[192],"practical":[193],"implications":[194],"for":[195,206],"curriculum":[196],"reform":[197],"aimed":[198],"equipping":[200],"graduates":[201],"21st-century":[204],"competencies":[205],"modern":[208],"workplace.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}
