{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416396017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632","title":"Upcycling Spent LiFePO 4 : Precisely Fe\u2010Sites Doped by Ti\u2010Atoms with Expanded Li\u2010Diffusion Channels Toward High Capacity","display_name":"Upcycling Spent LiFePO 4 : Precisely Fe\u2010Sites Doped by Ti\u2010Atoms with Expanded Li\u2010Diffusion Channels Toward High Capacity","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416396017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adfm.202522632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135204980","display_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","issn_l":"1616-301X","issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100744184","display_name":"Jiale Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8528-789X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8528-789X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101328458","display_name":"Zeyu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2385-7559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2385-7559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053868098","display_name":"Zihao Zeng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuhang Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452384","display_name":"Wei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-4520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-4520","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3901-6731","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3186-1156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071470516","display_name":"Peng Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-0375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-0375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081252332","display_name":"Yue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-6802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-6802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-6802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University  Changsha 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081252332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93024199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"20","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.850600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.850600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.12729999423027039,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upcycling","display_name":"upcycling","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-doping","display_name":"titanium doping","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fe-site-doping","display_name":"Fe-site doping","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fe-vacancies","display_name":"Fe vacancies","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/li3fe2-po4-3","display_name":"Li3Fe2(PO4)3","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-ion-battery-cathodes","display_name":"lithium-ion battery cathodes","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defect-removal","display_name":"defect repair","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-salts","display_name":"lithium salts","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte-conductivity","display_name":"electrolyte conductivity","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-stability","display_name":"cycling stability","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9322999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.7652000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.7041000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4268999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191952053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15119237","display_name":"Dopant","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779179610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042400","display_name":"Lithium iron phosphate","level":4,"score":0.289000004529953}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/adfm.202522632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135204980","display_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","issn_l":"1616-301X","issn":["1616-301X","1616-3028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Functional Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5739324490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52374290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G954760094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023CXQD009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335880","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335880","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of the Central South University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094100425","https://openalex.org/W2140485806","https://openalex.org/W2271822145","https://openalex.org/W2462758024","https://openalex.org/W2470153177","https://openalex.org/W2479009369","https://openalex.org/W2556965092","https://openalex.org/W2586095409","https://openalex.org/W2749967611","https://openalex.org/W2767672440","https://openalex.org/W2782934298","https://openalex.org/W2808342699","https://openalex.org/W2914706311","https://openalex.org/W2968260301","https://openalex.org/W2983762108","https://openalex.org/W2998520570","https://openalex.org/W3003658253","https://openalex.org/W3024615305","https://openalex.org/W3046846503","https://openalex.org/W3104615841","https://openalex.org/W3108233797","https://openalex.org/W3112980330","https://openalex.org/W3190350179","https://openalex.org/W4289711087","https://openalex.org/W4293193614","https://openalex.org/W4297461085","https://openalex.org/W4307432883","https://openalex.org/W4313494127","https://openalex.org/W4313546352","https://openalex.org/W4366346895","https://openalex.org/W4381663502","https://openalex.org/W4390501182","https://openalex.org/W4391110694","https://openalex.org/W4391506813","https://openalex.org/W4395477718","https://openalex.org/W4402725860","https://openalex.org/W4405043760","https://openalex.org/W4407824191","https://openalex.org/W4408300979","https://openalex.org/W4413271021"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Direct":[1],"regeneration":[2],"of":[3,31,40,54,67,91,147,165,178],"spent":[4,63],"LiFePO":[5,93,201],"4":[6,94,104,202],"(SLFP)":[7],"is":[8,24,80,194],"promising":[9],"but":[10],"faces":[11],"challenges":[12],"like":[13],"inferior":[14],"crystal":[15],"channel":[16],"and":[17,42,72,204],"low":[18],"intrinsic":[19],"conductivity.":[20,161],"Hopefully,":[21],"Ti\u2010ions":[22],"doping":[23,47],"proved":[25],"to":[26,35,82,98,115,140,159,196],"enhance":[27,160],"the":[28,36,60,65,84,88,145,163,168,200,208,212],"electrochemical":[29],"performance":[30],"LFP.":[32],"However,":[33],"due":[34],"similar":[37],"chemical":[38],"environments":[39],"Fe":[41,101],"Li":[43,99,119,138],"in":[44,62,211],"LFP,":[45,64],"uncontrollable":[46],"behavior":[48],"will":[49,151],"be":[50,96,116,126],"caused":[51],"by":[52,59,87,118,129],"co\u2010doping":[53],"Fe/Li":[55],"sites.":[56],"Therefore,":[57,122],"assisted":[58],"Fe/Li\u2010vacancies":[61],"method":[66],"filling":[68],"Li\u2010site":[69,123,148],"defects":[70,76,124],"first":[71],"then":[73],"occupying":[74],"Fe\u2010site":[75,154],"with":[77,170],"Ti":[78,173],"4+":[79],"carried":[81],"solve":[83],"problem.":[85],"Inspired":[86],"changeable":[89],"size":[90],"Fe\u2010vacancies,":[92],"can":[95,125],"oxidized":[97],"3":[100,106],"2":[102],"(PO":[103],")":[105],"during":[107,134],"oxidation,":[108],"generating":[109],"Fe\u2010vacancies":[110],"that":[111],"are":[112],"too":[113],"small":[114],"occupied":[117,153],"+":[120,139],".":[121],"repaired":[127],"preferably":[128],"lithium":[130],"salt,":[131],"which":[132],"introduced":[133],"oxidation":[135],"process,":[136],"avoiding":[137],"occupy":[141],"Fe\u2010vacancies.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"without":[144],"influence":[146],"defects,":[149,155],"Ti\u2074\u207a":[150],"selectively":[152],"introducing":[156],"additional":[157],"carriers":[158],"As":[162],"cathode":[164],"LIBs":[166],"cathode,":[167],"sample":[169],"2%":[171],"optimized":[172],"content":[174],"delivered":[175],"a":[176],"capacity":[177,188],"155.5":[179],"mAh":[180],"g":[181],"\u22121":[182],"at":[183],"1.0":[184],"C,":[185],"maintaining":[186],"90.3%":[187],"after":[189],"1000":[190],"cycles.":[191],"This":[192],"work":[193],"expected":[195],"provide":[197],"guidance":[198],"for":[199],"recovering":[203],"shed":[205],"light":[206],"on":[207],"development":[209],"orientation":[210],"future.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}