{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416391908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","title":"Comparative Study on the Rheological Properties of PS/PP\u2013CaCO3 and PS/PP\u2013Walnut Shell Blends","display_name":"Comparative Study on the Rheological Properties of PS/PP\u2013CaCO3 and PS/PP\u2013Walnut Shell Blends","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416391908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37575/b/sci/250033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","pdf_url":"https://services.kfu.edu.sa/scientificjournal/Handlers/FileHandler.ashx?file=250033 (1).pdf&Folder=UploadFiles","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169061","display_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University Basic and Applied Sciences","issn_l":"1658-0311","issn":["1658-0311","1658-8371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://services.kfu.edu.sa/scientificjournal/Handlers/FileHandler.ashx?file=250033 (1).pdf&Folder=UploadFiles","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120556087","display_name":"Rama AL Jobarani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0934-7686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0934-7686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rama AL Jobarani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Materials Rheology Laboratory, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0934-7686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Materials Rheology Laboratory, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051312437","display_name":"Alsaeed Douaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0486-078X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0486-078X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douaa Alsaeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Materials Rheology Laboratory, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0486-078X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Materials Rheology Laboratory, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028252096","display_name":"Fawaz D\u00e9ri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7116-4493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7116-4493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawaz Deri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7116-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043777587","display_name":"M.M. Alkurdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7562-8298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7562-8298"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875646752","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mhd Alkurdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7562-8298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875646752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.5321999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10513","display_name":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","score":0.5321999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14454","display_name":"Polymer Science and Applications","score":0.16910000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10389","display_name":"Polymer crystallization and properties","score":0.14139999449253082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate-filler","display_name":"calcium carbonate filler","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheological-properties","display_name":"rheological properties","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-viscosity","display_name":"melt viscosity","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-activation-energy","display_name":"flow activation energy","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-flow-index","display_name":"melt flow index","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processability","display_name":"processability","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-waste-fillers","display_name":"agricultural waste fillers","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-thinning","display_name":"shear thinning","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-composites","display_name":"polymer composites","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.8205999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.6901000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196445361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424279","display_name":"Rheometer","level":3,"score":0.6026999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993200995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Shear viscosity","level":3,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196806460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188603","display_name":"Capillary action","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2230313","display_name":"Shell (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4731999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85787439","display_name":"Softening","level":2,"score":0.4546999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191717309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902458","display_name":"Shear thinning","level":3,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767","display_name":"Calcium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159727521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4780934","display_name":"Apparent viscosity","level":3,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020410207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Flow properties","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7320412","display_name":"Rheometry","level":3,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186541917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910483","display_name":"Viscoelasticity","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776081644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411030","display_name":"Carboxymethyl cellulose","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165682214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461293","display_name":"Shear rate","level":3,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160343418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185256","display_name":"Rigidity (electromagnetism)","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135768490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2250602","display_name":"Shear flow","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164369957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755092","display_name":"Melt flow index","level":4,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95121573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190474","display_name":"Activation energy","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37575/b/sci/250033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","pdf_url":"https://services.kfu.edu.sa/scientificjournal/Handlers/FileHandler.ashx?file=250033 (1).pdf&Folder=UploadFiles","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169061","display_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University Basic and Applied Sciences","issn_l":"1658-0311","issn":["1658-0311","1658-8371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4fd54846b4d24c779fddc6400e5b154c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4fd54846b4d24c779fddc6400e5b154c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol 26, Iss 2, Pp 50-56 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37575/b/sci/250033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37575/b/sci/250033","pdf_url":"https://services.kfu.edu.sa/scientificjournal/Handlers/FileHandler.ashx?file=250033 (1).pdf&Folder=UploadFiles","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169061","display_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University Basic and Applied Sciences","issn_l":"1658-0311","issn":["1658-0311","1658-8371"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Basic and Applied Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330988","display_name":"Damascus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m098d13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416391908.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416391908.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987466666","https://openalex.org/W2059474375","https://openalex.org/W2066359327","https://openalex.org/W2126863855","https://openalex.org/W3092013166","https://openalex.org/W4376891285","https://openalex.org/W4387875103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891938374","https://openalex.org/W4387875042","https://openalex.org/W2113801138","https://openalex.org/W2068972529","https://openalex.org/W2111708796","https://openalex.org/W2922363993","https://openalex.org/W2170671236","https://openalex.org/W2533770197","https://openalex.org/W7066197069","https://openalex.org/W2801170019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,96],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,33,74,138,143],"comparative":[4],"rheological":[5],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,103,134],"polystyrene/polypropylene":[8],"(PS/PP":[9],"20/80)":[10],"blends":[11],"filled":[12],"with":[13,113],"either":[14],"calcium":[15],"carbonate":[16],"(CaCO3)":[17],"or":[18],"walnut":[19,70,115,135],"shell":[20,71,116,136],"powder":[21],"at":[22,36,117],"8":[23],"and":[24,55,86,149],"12":[25],"wt.%":[26],"loadings.":[27],"Rheological":[28],"properties":[29],"were":[30],"investigated":[31],"using":[32],"capillary":[34,155],"rheometer":[35],"temperatures":[37],"ranging":[38],"from":[39],"190\u00b0C":[40],"to":[41,60,99],"220\u00b0C.":[42],"The":[43,106],"results":[44],"demonstrate":[45],"that":[46],"adding":[47],"CaCO3":[48,121],"significantly":[49],"increases":[50],"shear":[51,163],"stress,":[52],"apparent":[53],"viscosity,":[54,158],"flow":[56,84,89,148],"activation":[57,90],"energy":[58],"(up":[59],"12.9":[61],"kJ/mol),":[62],"enhancing":[63],"rigidity":[64],"but":[65],"impairing":[66],"processability.":[67],"In":[68],"contrast,":[69],"composites":[72],"exhibited":[73],"lubricating":[75],"effect,":[76],"reducing":[77],"viscosity":[78],"by":[79],"15\u201320%,":[80],"increasing":[81],"the":[82,88,100,132],"melt":[83,157],"index,":[85],"lowering":[87],"energy,":[91],"thereby":[92],"promoting":[93],"easier":[94],"flow.":[95],"is":[97,122],"attributed":[98],"thermal":[101],"softening":[102],"lignocellulosic":[104],"components.":[105],"optimal":[107],"balance":[108],"for":[109,124],"processability":[110,161],"was":[111],"achieved":[112],"8%":[114],"220\u00b0C,":[118],"while":[119],"12%":[120],"recommended":[123],"applications":[125],"requiring":[126],"higher":[127],"stiffness.":[128],"These":[129],"findings":[130],"underscore":[131],"potential":[133],"as":[137],"sustainable,":[139],"processability-enhancing":[140],"filler,":[141],"presenting":[142],"clear":[144],"trade-off":[145],"between":[146],"improved":[147],"mechanical":[150],"reinforcement.":[151],"KEYWORDS":[152],"Agricultural":[153],"waste,":[154],"rheometry,":[156],"polymer":[159],"composites,":[160],"enhancement,":[162],"thinning":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-11-19T00:00:00"}