{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416292174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","title":"One-shot variable-ratio matching with fine balance","display_name":"One-shot variable-ratio matching with fine balance","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416292174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76159266","display_name":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics","issn_l":"1061-8600","issn":["1061-8600","1537-2715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.04383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063141843","display_name":"Qian Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457678","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3379-0613","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5089-0848","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7056-0601","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1735-7097","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5492-3013","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3316-5334","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-9635","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-7591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335186","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-0981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-0981","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-1124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-1124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100335186"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03732907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11798","display_name":"Optimal Experimental Design Methods","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study-design","display_name":"observational study design","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariate-balance","display_name":"covariate balance","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-heart-catheterization","display_name":"right heart catheterization","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critically-ill-patients","display_name":"critically ill patients","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.5529999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.7860999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7107999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.38339999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155108698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231081","display_name":"Randomized experiment","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165216359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670653","display_name":"Marginal distribution","level":3,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80478641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195771","display_name":"Sequential analysis","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89337504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4828276","display_name":"Average treatment effect","level":3,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157524613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2828883","display_name":"Fine-tuning","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2026.2754091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76159266","display_name":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics","issn_l":"1061-8600","issn":["1061-8600","1537-2715"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.04383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04383","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.04383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.04383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.04383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.04383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.04383","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.04383","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.04383","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416292174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416292174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28038548","https://openalex.org/W253646976","https://openalex.org/W1972910909","https://openalex.org/W1973683188","https://openalex.org/W2002595054","https://openalex.org/W2004635588","https://openalex.org/W2009688407","https://openalex.org/W2010505816","https://openalex.org/W2018270810","https://openalex.org/W2030614017","https://openalex.org/W2038351084","https://openalex.org/W2053055425","https://openalex.org/W2122771444","https://openalex.org/W2132138475","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2162665923","https://openalex.org/W2314750237","https://openalex.org/W2563780639","https://openalex.org/W2766502715","https://openalex.org/W2890477461","https://openalex.org/W2948009038","https://openalex.org/W2980390844","https://openalex.org/W3084000072","https://openalex.org/W3087525912","https://openalex.org/W4234209132","https://openalex.org/W4243705605","https://openalex.org/W4252507878","https://openalex.org/W4287105440","https://openalex.org/W4317902256","https://openalex.org/W4322726516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162665923","https://openalex.org/W2949762610","https://openalex.org/W2551464700","https://openalex.org/W2798873455","https://openalex.org/W2027739215","https://openalex.org/W4385514068","https://openalex.org/W2754403908","https://openalex.org/W2159657555","https://openalex.org/W6990067415","https://openalex.org/W2072098270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variable-ratio":[0],"matching":[1,9,40,91,106],"provides":[2],"a":[3,34,102,124,129],"flexible":[4],"alternative":[5],"to":[6,149,171],"conventional":[7],"1-to-k":[8,90],"for":[10],"the":[11,55,66,119,163,172,189],"design":[12,36,127],"of":[13,23,54,140],"observational":[14],"studies.":[15],"Fine":[16],"balance,":[17,45],"which":[18,134,155],"ensures":[19],"identical":[20],"marginal":[21,110,156],"distributions":[22],"selected":[24,116],"covariates":[25,48,117],"between":[26,174],"treated":[27],"and":[28,161,168,178],"matched":[29,52,68,121],"control":[30],"groups,":[31],"is":[32,159,186],"often":[33],"desirable":[35],"feature.":[37],"Existing":[38],"variable-ratio":[39,105],"approaches":[41,71],"achieve":[42],"conditional":[43],"fine":[44,93,111,157],"whereby":[46],"targeted":[47],"are":[49,78,136],"balanced":[50],"within":[51,96],"sets":[53,139],"same":[56],"size":[57],"(e.g.,":[58],"pairs":[59],"or":[60],"triplets),":[61],"but":[62],"not":[63],"necessarily":[64],"in":[65,74,118,133,154,188],"pooled":[67,120],"sample.":[69],"Such":[70],"typically":[72],"proceed":[73],"two":[75],"steps:":[76],"units":[77,135],"first":[79],"partitioned":[80],"into":[81,138],"strata":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84,115],"estimated":[85],"entire":[86],"numbers,":[87],"followed":[88],"by":[89],"with":[92,143],"balance":[94,114,158],"enforced":[95],"each":[97],"stratum.":[98],"Here,":[99],"we":[100],"propose":[101],"novel":[103],"one-shot":[104],"algorithm":[107,185],"that":[108],"achieves":[109],"balance\u2014that":[112],"is,":[113],"sample":[122],"as":[123],"whole.":[125],"This":[126],"mimics":[128],"randomized":[130],"controlled":[131],"trial":[132],"grouped":[137],"varying":[141],"sizes,":[142],"one":[144],"unit":[145],"per":[146],"set":[147],"assigned":[148],"treatment.":[150],"We":[151],"discuss":[152],"settings":[153],"preferred":[160],"evaluate":[162],"proposed":[164],"method":[165],"through":[166],"simulations":[167],"an":[169],"application":[170],"relationship":[173],"right":[175],"heart":[176],"catheterization":[177],"mortality":[179],"among":[180],"critically":[181],"ill":[182],"patients.":[183],"The":[184],"implemented":[187],"R":[190],"package":[191],"match2C.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}