{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416257580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18289","title":"Homophily in Complex Networks: Measures, Models, and Applications","display_name":"Homophily in Complex Networks: Measures, Models, and Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416257580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18289","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18289","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055236010","display_name":"Akrati Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-6309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7151-6309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saxena, Akrati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science , Leiden University , The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science , Leiden University , The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103195478","display_name":"Kumar Gaurav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7224-0236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7224-0236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181996519","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune","ror":"https://ror.org/028qa3n13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar, Gaurav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088668962","display_name":"Chandrakala Meena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-5561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-5561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181996519","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune","ror":"https://ror.org/028qa3n13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]}],"countries":["IN","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meena, Chandrakala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , India","Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) , Leiden University , Netherlands ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181996519"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS) , Leiden University , Netherlands ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"homophily","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-networks","display_name":"complex networks","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-networks","display_name":"social networks","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-networks","display_name":"higher-order networks","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypergraphs","display_name":"hypergraphs","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicial-complex","display_name":"simplicial complexes","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-inequality","display_name":"structural inequality","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-evolution","display_name":"network evolution","score":0.7639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.9790999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5647000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988224531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730","display_name":"Network structure","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126349790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905036","display_name":"Computational sociology","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36647736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418752","display_name":"Evolving networks","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89694873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810299","display_name":"Assortativity","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68416499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001033","display_name":"Network formation","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18289","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.18289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.18289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.18289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18289","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.18289","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416257580.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416257580.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416113684","https://openalex.org/W4417321392","https://openalex.org/W6941121980","https://openalex.org/W7118341742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206593497","https://openalex.org/W7163135400","https://openalex.org/W4318003472","https://openalex.org/W3080545259","https://openalex.org/W2560747187","https://openalex.org/W7128353760","https://openalex.org/W7106723116","https://openalex.org/W4392696389","https://openalex.org/W4411796092","https://openalex.org/W2128477991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homophily,":[0],"the":[1,32,38,61],"tendency":[2],"of":[3,17,34,40,52,63,94,98,104,119],"individuals":[4],"to":[5],"connect":[6],"with":[7,101,116],"others":[8],"who":[9],"share":[10],"similar":[11],"attributes,":[12],"is":[13,28],"a":[14,49,117],"defining":[15],"feature":[16],"social":[18],"networks.":[19],"Understanding":[20],"how":[21],"groups":[22],"interact,":[23],"both":[24],"within":[25],"and":[26,37,60,83,106,124],"across,":[27],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,126],"uncovering":[31],"dynamics":[33],"network":[35,78,90],"evolution":[36],"emergence":[39],"structural":[41],"inequalities":[42],"in":[43,76,110,129],"these":[44],"network.":[45],"This":[46],"tutorial":[47,114],"offers":[48],"comprehensive":[50],"overview":[51],"homophily,":[53],"covering":[54],"its":[55],"various":[56],"definitions,":[57],"key":[58],"properties,":[59],"limitations":[62],"widely":[64],"used":[65],"metrics.":[66],"Extending":[67],"beyond":[68],"traditional":[69],"pairwise":[70],"interactions,":[71],"we":[72],"will":[73,87],"discuss":[74,89],"homophily":[75,105],"higher-order":[77],"structures":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"hypergraphs":[82],"simplicial":[84],"complexes.":[85],"We":[86],"further":[88,127],"generating":[91],"models":[92],"capable":[93],"producing":[95],"different":[96],"types":[97],"homophilic":[99],"networks":[100],"tunable":[102],"levels":[103],"highlight":[107],"their":[108],"relevance":[109],"real-world":[111],"contexts.":[112],"The":[113],"concludes":[115],"discussion":[118],"open":[120],"challenges,":[121],"emerging":[122],"directions,":[123],"opportunities":[125],"research":[128],"this":[130],"area.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
