{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416225501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","title":"Midwives workload in the context of free maternal healthcare: a cross-sectional study based on the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN) method in primary healthcare facilities in Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo","display_name":"Midwives workload in the context of free maternal healthcare: a cross-sectional study based on the Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs (WISN) method in primary healthcare facilities in Kananga, Democratic Republic of the Congo","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416225501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41239484","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12619488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120401442","display_name":"Paulin Nkolamoyo Musungula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6505-8774","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6505-8774"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulin Nkolamoyo Musungula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Organization Management, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo. paulinnkolamoyo@gmail.com","Institut de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo. paulinnkolamoyo@gmail.com","Department of Health Organization Management, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","Institut de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Organization Management, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo. paulinnkolamoyo@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo. paulinnkolamoyo@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Organization Management, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026918591","display_name":"Christophe Kalengo Nsomue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Kalengo Nsomue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Public Health, University of Kabinda, Kabinda, Democratic Republic of Congo","Service of Service Pricing, Health Coverage Regulation and Control Authority, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Public Health, University of Kabinda, Kabinda, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Service of Service Pricing, Health Coverage Regulation and Control Authority, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034004189","display_name":"Emmanuel Esanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-3896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-3896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297502334","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02dbz7n48","country_code":"CD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297502334"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Esanga Longomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Provincial Health Division of TSHUAPA, Ministry of Public Health, Boende, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Provincial Health Division of TSHUAPA, Ministry of Public Health, Boende, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297502334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120448917","display_name":"Pascaline Muelu Mikobi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascaline Muelu Mikobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Midwifery, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","Maternity of the Pax Polyclinic, Christian Medical Institute of Kasai, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Midwifery, Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kananga, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maternity of the Pax Polyclinic, Christian Medical Institute of Kasai, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120598316","display_name":"Bonard Djongesongo Djamba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297502334","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02dbz7n48","country_code":"CD","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297502334"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bonard Djongesongo Djamba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Office of the Ndekesha Health Zone, Ministry of Public Health, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Office of the Ndekesha Health Zone, Ministry of Public Health, Kananga, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297502334"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056529604","display_name":"\u00c9ric Mafuta Musalu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34942010","display_name":"University of Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrz2q74","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259637","display_name":"Ecole de sant\u00e9 publique de Kinshasa","ror":"https://ror.org/02g0e3a49","country_code":"CD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34942010","https://openalex.org/I4405259637"]}],"countries":["CD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Mafuta Musalu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Management and Policy, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Management and Policy, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34942010","https://openalex.org/I4405259637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120401442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":3.4833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91398058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"1468","last_page":"1468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10186","display_name":"Nursing education and management","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midwife-workload","display_name":"midwife workload","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload-indicators-of-staffing-need","display_name":"Workload Indicators of Staffing Need","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midwife-shortage","display_name":"midwife shortage","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-healthcare-facilities","display_name":"primary healthcare facilities","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-workforce-planning","display_name":"health workforce planning","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childbirth-care","display_name":"childbirth care","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenatal-and-postnatal-care","display_name":"antenatal and postnatal care","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-planning","display_name":"family planning","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kananga","display_name":"Kananga","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8991000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777512617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783605","display_name":"Staffing","level":2,"score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008427","descriptor_name":"Maternal Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008880","descriptor_name":"Midwifery","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010561","descriptor_name":"Personnel Staffing and Scheduling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011320","descriptor_name":"Primary Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015023","descriptor_name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016526","descriptor_name":"Workload","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11427521","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12619488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41239484","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41239484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC health services research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12619488","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12619488/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Serv Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33ff594cbe0e4a739c130115930dd36b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33ff594cbe0e4a739c130115930dd36b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","pdf_url":"https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12913-025-13656-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12898181","display_name":"BMC Health Services Research","issn_l":"1472-6963","issn":["1472-6963"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Health Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416225501.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416225501.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565560401","https://openalex.org/W2009214075","https://openalex.org/W2015387837","https://openalex.org/W2066556596","https://openalex.org/W2077416544","https://openalex.org/W2099347986","https://openalex.org/W2140763813","https://openalex.org/W2144688550","https://openalex.org/W2148673775","https://openalex.org/W2165266032","https://openalex.org/W2900536621","https://openalex.org/W3006530232","https://openalex.org/W3096044289","https://openalex.org/W3097380888","https://openalex.org/W4210395404","https://openalex.org/W4281797197","https://openalex.org/W4366549096","https://openalex.org/W4378473057","https://openalex.org/W4389366567","https://openalex.org/W4401819888","https://openalex.org/W4411113855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7105805899","https://openalex.org/W7105813940","https://openalex.org/W7171631869","https://openalex.org/W4312212156","https://openalex.org/W4399398503","https://openalex.org/W4288078487","https://openalex.org/W4210395404","https://openalex.org/W4313947387","https://openalex.org/W3081670402","https://openalex.org/W2148673775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,92,107,122,236],"Democratic":[2],"Republic":[3],"of":[4,47,68,80,94,102,134,147,169,185,204,215,226,238,245,263,277,292],"the":[5,27,45,52,78,99,127,132,140,151,162,218,227,261,265,272,286,290],"Congo":[6],"has":[7],"introduced":[8],"free":[9,232,293],"maternal":[10,30,294],"halthcare":[11],"to":[12,23,43,50,230,267,270],"reduce":[13],"direct":[14],"payments":[15],"made":[16],"by":[17,111],"households.":[18],"This":[19,40,193],"initiative":[20],"may":[21],"lead":[22],"an":[24,281],"increase":[25],"in":[26,59,73,77,126,159,198,209,247],"demand":[28],"for":[29,189,274],"services,":[31],"which":[32,259],"could":[33],"put":[34],"significant":[35],"pressure":[36,53,182,194],"on":[37,56],"healthcare":[38,71,85,90,130,154,200,211,220,249,252],"providers.":[39],"study":[41,67,240],"aimed":[42],"assess":[44,271],"workload":[46,93,287],"midwives":[48,95,112,135,157,228,246],"and":[49,87,119,206,288],"estimate":[51],"it":[54],"exerts":[55],"these":[57],"providers":[58],"this":[60,239],"context.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"We":[63],"conducted":[64],"a":[65,145,167,176,242,275],"cross-sectional":[66],"13":[69],"primary":[70,219],"facilities":[72,86,201,212,221,253,269],"four":[74],"health":[75],"zones":[76],"city":[79],"Kananga,":[81],"including":[82],"six":[83,152],"first-level":[84,129,210],"seven":[88,128],"second-level":[89],"facilities.":[91,250],"was":[96,137,143,165,187],"assessed":[97],"via":[98],"Workload":[100],"Indicators":[101],"Staffing":[103],"Need":[104],"approach.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"basic":[108],"services":[109],"provided":[110],"included":[113],"childbirth,":[114],"antenatal":[115],"care,":[116],"postnatal":[117],"care":[118],"family":[120],"planning.":[121],"results":[123,237],"show":[124],"that,":[125],"facilities,":[131,155],"number":[133],"available":[136],"20,":[138],"whereas":[139,161],"actual":[141],"need":[142],"42,":[144],"shortfall":[146],"22":[148],"agents.":[149,171],"In":[150],"second-tier":[153,199],"28":[156],"were":[158],"post,":[160],"calculated":[163],"requirement":[164],"35,":[166],"difference":[168],"7":[170],"Although":[172],"some":[173],"hospitals":[174,191],"had":[175,223],"relatively":[177],"balanced":[178],"workforce,":[179],"high":[180,197,208],"average":[181],"(WISN":[183,202,213],"ratio":[184,203,214],"0.62)":[186],"reported":[188],"all":[190],"studied.":[192],"is":[195],"moderately":[196],"0.80)":[205],"very":[207],"0.48).":[216],"All":[217],"studied":[222],"only":[224],"44.8%":[225],"needed":[229],"provide":[231],"maternity":[233],"services.":[234],"CONCLUSIONS:":[235],"reveal":[241],"marked":[243],"shortage":[244],"eight":[248],"Five":[251],"currently":[254],"have":[255],"sufficient":[256],"staffing":[257],"levels,":[258],"highlights":[260],"relevance":[262],"extending":[264],"analysis":[266],"other":[268],"potential":[273],"redistribution":[276],"human":[278],"resources.":[279],"Such":[280],"adjustment":[282],"would":[283],"help":[284],"balance":[285],"enhance":[289],"effectiveness":[291],"healthcare.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}
