{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416193003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","title":"Quantitative evaluation of upper extremity strength recovery after cervical epidural block: a retrospective study","display_name":"Quantitative evaluation of upper extremity strength recovery after cervical epidural block: a retrospective study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416193003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41229354","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12800552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jyms.org/upload/pdf/jyms-2025-42-73.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230485","display_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","issn_l":"1225-7737","issn":["1225-7737","2234-8042","2384-0293","2799-8010"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362643773","host_organization_name":"Yeungnam University College of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362643773"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Yeungnam University College of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.e-jyms.org/upload/pdf/jyms-2025-42-73.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017789846","display_name":"Dong Hyuck Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-7959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-7959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39705031","display_name":"Daegu Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fxknd68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39705031"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091133","display_name":"Daegu Catholic University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00fd9sj13","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Hyuck Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-7959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071357849","display_name":"Do Yun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-3886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-3886"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do Yun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aviation Medical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-3886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aviation Medical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112689937","display_name":"Kwang-Ryeol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-2987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-2987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39705031","display_name":"Daegu Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fxknd68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39705031"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091133","display_name":"Daegu Catholic University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00fd9sj13","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ryeol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","Department of Aviation Medical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-2987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aviation Medical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112689937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39705031","https://openalex.org/I4210091133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.478300005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.478300005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.17139999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.15199999511241913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-epidural-block","display_name":"cervical epidural block","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-disc-herniation","display_name":"cervical disc herniation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-body-strength","display_name":"upper body strength","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handgrip-strength","display_name":"grip strength","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-pain","display_name":"neck pain","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-weakness","display_name":"muscle weakness","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8669000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6581000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780247198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633403","display_name":"Weakness","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993247534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain relief","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988918651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Muscle strength","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jyms.org/upload/pdf/jyms-2025-42-73.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230485","display_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","issn_l":"1225-7737","issn":["1225-7737","2234-8042","2384-0293","2799-8010"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362643773","host_organization_name":"Yeungnam University College of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362643773"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Yeungnam University College of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41229354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41229354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Yeungnam medical science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12800552","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12800552/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Yeungnam Med Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2274c14f01b34a5a89472dfa3da4ed92","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2274c14f01b34a5a89472dfa3da4ed92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, Vol 42 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.73","pdf_url":"https://www.e-jyms.org/upload/pdf/jyms-2025-42-73.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230485","display_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","issn_l":"1225-7737","issn":["1225-7737","2234-8042","2384-0293","2799-8010"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362643773","host_organization_name":"Yeungnam University College of Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362643773"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Yeungnam University College of Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416193003.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416193003.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163313389","https://openalex.org/W1435732861","https://openalex.org/W1513740156","https://openalex.org/W1818495483","https://openalex.org/W1987804391","https://openalex.org/W1997083125","https://openalex.org/W2010439133","https://openalex.org/W2024621910","https://openalex.org/W2033360471","https://openalex.org/W2041823394","https://openalex.org/W2051731799","https://openalex.org/W2074185638","https://openalex.org/W2075404353","https://openalex.org/W2100911473","https://openalex.org/W2176346283","https://openalex.org/W2182847085","https://openalex.org/W2319427358","https://openalex.org/W2329197430","https://openalex.org/W2913401088","https://openalex.org/W2942867177","https://openalex.org/W2977168992","https://openalex.org/W3038769624","https://openalex.org/W3133788568","https://openalex.org/W3137646971","https://openalex.org/W3140854971","https://openalex.org/W4210776333","https://openalex.org/W4237726173","https://openalex.org/W4251150305","https://openalex.org/W4283737833","https://openalex.org/W4290839630","https://openalex.org/W4304890971","https://openalex.org/W4313655433","https://openalex.org/W4387844794","https://openalex.org/W4389805359","https://openalex.org/W4407040470","https://openalex.org/W4407395633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140996785","https://openalex.org/W7211960223","https://openalex.org/W4387059655","https://openalex.org/W2044076220","https://openalex.org/W4414400176","https://openalex.org/W4388069698","https://openalex.org/W3100504397","https://openalex.org/W169278553","https://openalex.org/W4409441572","https://openalex.org/W4404822893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"We":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,153,164,176,231],"evaluate":[4],"the":[5,51,56,64,139,169,177,191,238],"clinical":[6],"efficacy":[7,240],"of":[8,241],"cervical":[9,23],"epidural":[10],"block":[11],"(CEB)":[12],"in":[13,20,59,120,124,128,135,141,220,243],"enhancing":[14],"upper":[15],"extremity":[16],"(UE)":[17],"muscle":[18,218],"strength":[19,49,61],"patients":[21,29,137,221],"with":[22,30,222],"disc":[24,116],"herniation":[25],"(CDH).":[26],"METHODS:":[27],"Ten":[28],"CDH":[31],"underwent":[32],"a":[33,72,92],"single":[34],"CEB":[35,207,242],"session.":[36],"Follow-up":[37],"assessments":[38],"were":[39,69,89,118,188],"conducted":[40],"weekly":[41],"for":[42,147,157,202],"2":[43,79,100],"weeks":[44,80,101],"through":[45],"outpatient":[46],"visits.":[47],"Handgrip":[48],"on":[50],"affected":[52,65,115,134],"side":[53,132],"(AHGS)":[54],"and":[55,66,78,85,99,126,138,171,204,215,236],"interlateral":[57],"difference":[58],"handgrip":[60],"(DHGS)":[62],"between":[63],"unaffected":[67],"sides":[68],"measured":[70],"using":[71,91],"dynamometer":[73],"before,":[74],"immediately":[75],"after,":[76],"1":[77],"after":[81,166,200],"CEB.":[82],"Neck":[83],"pain":[84,88,149,160,214],"radiating":[86,158],"UE":[87,159,217],"assessed":[90],"visual":[93],"analog":[94],"scale":[95],"(VAS)":[96],"at":[97,180],"baseline":[98,178],"posttreatment.":[102],"RESULTS:":[103],"The":[104,114,130,143],"median":[105],"patient":[106],"age":[107,203],"was":[108,133],"46.4":[109],"years":[110],"(range,":[111],"35-78":[112],"years).":[113],"levels":[117],"C5-6":[119],"five":[121],"patients,":[122],"C6-7":[123],"three,":[125],"C5-6-7":[127],"two.":[129],"left":[131],"six":[136],"right":[140],"four.":[142],"mean":[144],"VAS":[145],"score":[146],"neck":[148],"decreased":[150,161],"from":[151,162],"7.2":[152],"2.9,":[154],"whereas":[155],"that":[156],"6.3":[163],"2.8":[165],"treatment.":[167],"Both":[168],"AHGS":[170],"DHGS":[172],"improved":[173],"significantly":[174],"compared":[175],"values":[179],"all":[181],"posttreatment":[182,192],"times.":[183],"However,":[184,224],"no":[185],"significant":[186],"differences":[187],"observed":[189],"among":[190],"time":[193],"points.":[194],"These":[195],"findings":[196],"remained":[197],"consistent":[198],"even":[199],"adjusting":[201],"sex.":[205],"CONCLUSION:":[206],"may":[208],"offer":[209],"therapeutic":[210],"benefits":[211],"by":[212],"alleviating":[213],"improving":[216],"weakness":[219],"CDH.":[223,245],"further":[225],"large-scale":[226],"prospective":[227],"studies":[228],"are":[229],"required":[230],"validate":[232],"these":[233],"preliminary":[234],"results":[235],"determine":[237],"long-term":[239],"managing":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-11-13T00:00:00"}
