{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416128917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","title":"Biochemical Assessment of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and Lipid Profile in Pulmonary and Abdominal Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Anti-Tubercular Therapy","display_name":"Biochemical Assessment of Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and Lipid Profile in Pulmonary and Abdominal Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Anti-Tubercular Therapy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416128917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035207340","display_name":"Shaikh Fahad Falah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0621-9632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0621-9632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386779","display_name":"Khyber Girls Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/05c08zp36","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386779"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaikh Fahad Falah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0621-9632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khyber Girls Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086504717","display_name":"Salma Rashid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095979","display_name":"Women Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/00ncer064","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095979"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salma Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Women Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Women Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075564119","display_name":"Rukhsana Munawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1297-4533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1297-4533"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rukhsana Munawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poonch Medical College Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1297-4533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poonch Medical College Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir,Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079259298","display_name":"Zakia Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4176-8159","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4176-8159"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakia Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["NUST School of Health Sciences, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4176-8159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NUST School of Health Sciences, NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069113281","display_name":"Muhammad Abdul Quddus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-5266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-5266"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abdul Quddus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poonch Medical College Rawalakot Azad Kashmir,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-5266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poonch Medical College Rawalakot Azad Kashmir,Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010813527","display_name":"Zara Khalid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1623-3136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1623-3136"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zara Khalid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1623-3136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31814344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9057999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10445","display_name":"Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress","score":0.08649999648332596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-tuberculosis","display_name":"abdominal tuberculosis","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-treatment","display_name":"tuberculosis treatment","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-profile","display_name":"lipid profile","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalase","display_name":"catalase","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutathione-peroxidase","display_name":"glutathione peroxidase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-antioxidant-capacity","display_name":"total antioxidant capacity","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress-biomarkers","display_name":"oxidative stress biomarkers","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan-china-border-region","display_name":"Pakistan-China border region","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan-pakistan-border","display_name":"Afghanistan-Pakistan border","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7846999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.7060999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.6671000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775838275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776","display_name":"Superoxide dismutase","level":3,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778760513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24773045","display_name":"Glutathione peroxidase","level":4,"score":0.6074000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778270857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723972","display_name":"Lipid profile","level":3,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019226207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18553331","display_name":"Abdominal tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908628106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106951292","display_name":"Catalase","level":3,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780120127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743664","display_name":"Abdominal surgery","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140549","display_name":"Abdominal obesity","level":4,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57600042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227564","display_name":"Oxidative phosphorylation","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:271834c022444c688802f4a2d4b302e1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/271834c022444c688802f4a2d4b302e1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry, Vol 14, Iss 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-4/015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183030","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","issn_l":"2308-2593","issn":["2308-2593","2313-7371"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I923305593","host_organization_name":"Ziauddin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I923305593"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903198214","https://openalex.org/W2184608200","https://openalex.org/W7171560295","https://openalex.org/W4367330998","https://openalex.org/W2089828640","https://openalex.org/W2071962991","https://openalex.org/W4392651164","https://openalex.org/W4388443081","https://openalex.org/W2519257837","https://openalex.org/W4396695795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Tuberculosis":[1],"(TB)":[2],"remains":[3],"a":[4,82,109,168,363],"significant":[5,341],"global":[6],"health":[7],"burden,":[8],"particularly":[9],"in":[10,41,67,204,345,366,371,376],"developing":[11],"countries":[12],"like":[13],"Pakistan.":[14,104],"Beyond":[15],"its":[16],"infectious":[17],"nature,":[18],"TB":[19,46,196,353,381,390],"is":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,69,93,167,191,287],"increased":[23,242],"oxidative":[24,59,205,367],"stress":[25,60,206,368],"and":[26,44,64,71,122,146,159,162,187,197,221,269,326,351,369,373,379,391],"metabolic":[27],"alterations.":[28],"However,":[29],"limited":[30],"data":[31],"exist":[32],"on":[33,58,90],"the":[34,54,178,386,393],"biochemical":[35,347,394],"response":[36],"to":[37,52,87,217,227,247,256,265,275,295,304,313,322,332,362],"anti-tubercular":[38],"therapy":[39,360],"(ATT)":[40],"both":[42,377],"pulmonary":[43,70,94,195,350,378],"abdominal":[45,72,96,200,352,380],"cases.":[47],"Therefore,":[48],"this":[49],"study":[50,78],"aimed":[51],"evaluate":[53],"effect":[55],"of":[56,126,389],"ATT":[57],"markers,":[61],"antioxidant":[62,143,372],"enzymes,":[63],"lipid":[65,147,374],"profiles":[66,375],"patients":[68,92,181],"TB.":[73,201],"Methods:":[74],"A":[75],"prospective":[76],"observational":[77],"was":[79],"conducted":[80],"over":[81],"12-month":[83],"period":[84],"(March":[85],"2023":[86],"February":[88],"2024)":[89],"83":[91,179],"or":[95],"tuberculosis":[97,180],"at":[98,118,172],"multiple":[99],"tertiary":[100],"care":[101],"hospitals":[102],"across":[103],"Patients":[105],"were":[106,116,150,153,165,185,208,343],"recruited":[107],"using":[108,155],"non-probability":[110],"purposive":[111],"sampling":[112],"technique.":[113],"Blood":[114],"samples":[115],"collected":[117],"baseline":[119],"(before":[120],"treatment)":[121],"after":[123],"two":[124],"months":[125],"standard":[127],"ATT.":[128],"Malondialdehyde":[129],"(MDA),":[130],"nitric":[131],"oxide":[132],"(NO),":[133],"superoxide":[134],"dismutase":[135],"(SOD),":[136],"catalase":[137],"(CAT),":[138],"glutathione":[139],"peroxidase":[140],"(GPx),":[141],"total":[142,288],"capacity":[144],"(TAC),":[145],"profile":[148],"parameters":[149],"analyzed.":[151],"Data":[152],"analyzed":[154],"SPSS":[156],"version":[157],"26,":[158],"paired":[160],"sample":[161],"independent":[163],"t-tests":[164],"applied":[166],"significance":[169],"level":[170],"set":[171],"p":[173,280,337],"<":[174,232,281,338],"0.05.":[175],"Results:":[176],"Among":[177],"enrolled,":[182],"47":[183,192],"(56.6%)":[184,193],"males":[186],"36":[188,198],"(43.4%)":[189,199],"females,":[190],"having":[194],"Significant":[202],"reductions":[203],"markers":[207,284],"observed":[209],"post-treatment:":[210],"MDA":[211],"decreased":[212],"from":[213,223,243,252,261,271,291,300,309,318,328],"5.26":[214],"\u00b1":[215,219,225,229,245,249,254,258,263,267,273,277,293,297,302,306,311,315,320,324,330,334],"1.31":[216],"2.79":[218],"1.01":[220],"NO":[222],"4.82":[224],"1.00":[226],"3.95":[228],"1.02":[230],"(p":[231,355],"0.001":[233],"for":[234],"both).":[235],"Antioxidant":[236],"enzymes":[237],"showed":[238],"marked":[239,364],"improvement:":[240],"SOD":[241],"2.02":[244],"0.65":[246],"3.28":[248],"0.87,":[250],"CAT":[251],"2.54":[253],"0.99":[255],"4.46":[257],"1.00,":[259],"GPx":[260],"1.91":[262],"0.57":[264],"3.08":[266],"0.72,":[268],"TAC":[270],"0.94":[272],"0.31":[274],"1.62":[276],"0.32":[278],"(all":[279,336],"0.001).":[282,339],"Lipid":[283],"also":[285],"improved,":[286],"cholesterol":[289],"rising":[290],"127.71":[292],"18.18":[294],"154.53":[296],"19.75,":[298],"LDL":[299],"71.27":[301],"15.05":[303],"88.05":[305],"16.61,":[307],"HDL":[308],"31.59":[310],"5.95":[312],"39.54":[314],"7.23,":[316],"TG":[317],"107.98":[319],"19.84":[321],"122.97":[323],"20.15,":[325],"VLDL":[327],"22.35":[329],"3.81":[331],"25.69":[333],"4.62":[335],"No":[340],"differences":[342],"found":[344],"these":[346],"changes":[348],"between":[349],"groups":[354],">":[356],"0.05).":[357],"Conclusion:":[358],"Anti-tubercular":[359],"leads":[361],"reduction":[365],"improvement":[370],"patients.":[382],"These":[383],"findings":[384],"highlight":[385],"systemic":[387],"impact":[388],"underscore":[392],"recovery":[395],"that":[396],"follows":[397],"treatment.":[398]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-12T00:00:00"}