{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416102416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","title":"Analyzing security of small-state cipher ATOM for bitstream and image encryption","display_name":"Analyzing security of small-state cipher ATOM for bitstream and image encryption","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416102416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210815","display_name":"Journal of Cyber Security Technology","issn_l":"2374-2917","issn":["2374-2917","2374-2925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cyber Security Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115404924","display_name":"Yash Makwana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0021-1493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0021-1493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yash Makwana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delhi","Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0021-1493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048845129","display_name":"Anupama Panigrahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-3702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-3702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anupama Panigrahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Delhi","Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-3702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017906663","display_name":"Saibal Kumar Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3297-1605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120887","display_name":"Scientific Analysis Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02rpzt041","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210120887","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.K. Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metcalfe House","Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), DRDO, Metcalfe House, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metcalfe House","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), DRDO, Metcalfe House, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120887"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048845129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61989794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-stream-cipher","display_name":"lightweight stream cipher","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-attacks","display_name":"algebraic attacks","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystream-generator","display_name":"keystream generator","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-complexity","display_name":"linear complexity","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-encryption","display_name":"image encryption","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/npcr","display_name":"NPCR","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uaci","display_name":"UACI","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ssim","display_name":"SSIM","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rfid-security","display_name":"RFID security","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card-security","display_name":"smart card security","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6988000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5764999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37059998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60448319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154021","display_name":"Block cipher mode of operation","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69254412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554302","display_name":"Link encryption","level":4,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23742917.2025.2583508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210210815","display_name":"Journal of Cyber Security Technology","issn_l":"2374-2917","issn":["2374-2917","2374-2925"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cyber Security Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8333633148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"211610136084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","funder_display_name":"University Grants Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076397729","https://openalex.org/W2160494425","https://openalex.org/W2397074368","https://openalex.org/W2402108048","https://openalex.org/W2767998798","https://openalex.org/W2773336602","https://openalex.org/W2949952813","https://openalex.org/W3127883531","https://openalex.org/W3134797014","https://openalex.org/W3147951497","https://openalex.org/W3176727289","https://openalex.org/W3186823704","https://openalex.org/W4213193213","https://openalex.org/W4319068553","https://openalex.org/W4361026482","https://openalex.org/W4379518973","https://openalex.org/W4385699316","https://openalex.org/W4389355770","https://openalex.org/W4390399248","https://openalex.org/W4400641072","https://openalex.org/W4401487129","https://openalex.org/W4404331989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3147951497","https://openalex.org/W4307918974","https://openalex.org/W3037811204","https://openalex.org/W1807526291","https://openalex.org/W4402590357","https://openalex.org/W3042039494","https://openalex.org/W7046189340","https://openalex.org/W2950853861","https://openalex.org/W3004046490","https://openalex.org/W2941299019"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lightweight":[0],"cryptography":[1],"is":[2],"crucial":[3],"for":[4,29,165],"resource-constrained":[5],"devices,":[6],"including":[7],"RFID":[8],"Tags,":[9],"Smart":[10],"Cards,":[11],"and":[12,51,86,121,127,141,159,185],"medical":[13],"devices.":[14],"It":[15],"becomes":[16],"essential":[17],"to":[18,68,137],"analyze":[19,80,122,170],"lightweight":[20,45,166],"cryptosystems":[21],"available":[22],"in":[23,74,100,107,173],"the":[24,41,58,63,69,72,75,81,87,96,101,108,114,118,138,153,160,163,174],"literature":[25],"before":[26],"deploying":[27],"them":[28],"various":[30],"purposes.":[31],"Motivated":[32],"by":[33],"this,":[34],"we":[35,169],"perform":[36],"a":[37,90,134],"security":[38,161,172],"analysis":[39,151],"of":[40,71,89,95,117,155,162,176],"recently":[42],"proposed":[43],"small-state":[44],"stream":[46],"cipher,":[47],"ATOM,":[48],"against":[49],"algebraic":[50],"cubic":[52,135],"attacks.":[53],"We":[54,79,104,131],"find":[55],"that,":[56],"despite":[57],"cipher\u2019s":[59],"small":[60],"state":[61,116],"size,":[62],"effective":[64],"complexity":[65,129],"increases":[66],"due":[67],"reintroduction":[70],"key":[73,92,157],"keystream":[76,119],"generation":[77],"process.":[78],"cipher":[82,164],"under":[83],"reduced":[84],"rounds,":[85],"use":[88,154],"single":[91],"filter,":[93],"instead":[94],"two":[97,156],"filters":[98,158],"specified":[99],"ATOM":[102,140],"structure.":[103],"report":[105],"non-randomness":[106,124],"count":[109],"function,":[110],"which":[111],"depends":[112],"on":[113],"internal":[115],"generator,":[120],"this":[123],"using":[125,179],"histograms":[126],"linear":[128,143],"profiles.":[130],"also":[132],"apply":[133],"attack":[136],"modified":[139],"obtain":[142],"equations":[144],"after":[145],"summing":[146],"over":[147],"selected":[148],"cubes.":[149],"Our":[150],"affirms":[152],"applications.":[167],"Moreover,":[168],"its":[171],"context":[175],"image":[177],"encryption":[178],"techniques":[180],"such":[181],"as":[182],"NPCR,":[183],"UACI,":[184],"SSIM.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}