{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416095935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","title":"Estimating the heritability of longitudinal rate-of-change: genetic insights into PSA velocity in prostate cancer-free individuals","display_name":"Estimating the heritability of longitudinal rate-of-change: genetic insights into PSA velocity in prostate cancer-free individuals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416095935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42470129","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13379640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190140075","display_name":"Biostatistics","issn_l":"1465-4644","issn":["1465-4644","1468-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biostatistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13379640/pdf/kxag015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415676","display_name":"Pei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-0282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-0282","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-4917"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,","University of Maryland, College Park Department of Mathematics, , 4176 Campus Drive , College Park, MD 20740,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-4917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park Department of Mathematics, , 4176 Campus Drive , College Park, MD 20740,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357614","display_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-1275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6800-1275","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5143-6909","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5728-9469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5143-6909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699396","display_name":"Jianxin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-4707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-4707","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-0863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8606-4707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039237147","display_name":"Paul S. Albert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-1068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-1068"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul S Albert","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , 9609 Medical Center Drive , Rockville, MD 20850,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039237147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012607"],"apc_list":{"value":3296,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3296},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00662751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.04129999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-specific-antigen","display_name":"prostate-specific antigen","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psa-velocity","display_name":"PSA velocity","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heritability","display_name":"heritability","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer-screening","display_name":"prostate cancer screening","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plco-cancer-screening-trial","display_name":"PLCO Cancer Screening Trial","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-effects-models","display_name":"mixed models","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-wide-association-study","display_name":"genome-wide association study","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161890455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503548","display_name":"Heritability","level":2,"score":0.9115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.6353999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409450","display_name":"Prostate-specific antigen","level":4,"score":0.499099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61420037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316301","display_name":"Restricted maximum likelihood","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169594400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244775","display_name":"Twin study","level":3,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70616004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532885","display_name":"Genetic correlation","level":4,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993967602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532932","display_name":"Genetic variants","level":4,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020672099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Longitudinal data","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16012445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501135","display_name":"Mixed model","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992519594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870433","display_name":"Genetic model","level":3,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186413461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744727","display_name":"Genetic association","level":5,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017430","descriptor_name":"Prostate-Specific Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxag015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190140075","display_name":"Biostatistics","issn_l":"1465-4644","issn":["1465-4644","1468-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biostatistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13379640","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42470129/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13379640/pdf/kxag015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biostatistics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42470129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42470129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biostatistics (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2505.04773","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04773","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.04773","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.04773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.04773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.04773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13379640","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42470129/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13379640/pdf/kxag015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biostatistics","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416095935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416095935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977614459","https://openalex.org/W2056730836","https://openalex.org/W2593856203","https://openalex.org/W1562144099","https://openalex.org/W2222355131","https://openalex.org/W4407341002","https://openalex.org/W2264628337","https://openalex.org/W4388109003","https://openalex.org/W2589150220","https://openalex.org/W2031852598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Serum":[0],"prostate-specific":[1],"antigen":[2],"(PSA)":[3],"is":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"for":[7,166,174],"prostate":[8],"cancer":[9],"screening.":[10,200],"While":[11],"the":[12,24,30,86,99,146],"genetics":[13],"of":[14,27,32,88,136,148],"PSA":[15,28,33,55,75,89,95,168,175,185,195],"levels":[16,90],"have":[17],"been":[18],"studied":[19],"to":[20,73,83,155,184,191],"enhance":[21],"screening":[22],"accuracy,":[23],"genetic":[25,182],"basis":[26],"velocity,":[29,186],"rate":[31],"change":[34],"over":[35],"time,":[36],"remains":[37],"unclear.":[38],"The":[39],"Prostate,":[40],"Lung,":[41],"Colorectal,":[42],"and":[43,65,94,110,120,169,197],"Ovarian":[44],"(PLCO)":[45],"Cancer":[46],"Screening":[47],"Trial,":[48],"a":[49,70,80,108,121,180],"large,":[50],"randomized":[51],"study":[52],"with":[53,140],"longitudinal":[54],"data":[56],"(15,260":[57],"cancer-free":[58],"males,":[59],"averaging":[60],"5.34":[61],"samples":[62],"per":[63],"subject)":[64],"genome-wide":[66,189],"genotype":[67],"data,":[68,157],"provides":[69],"unique":[71],"opportunity":[72],"estimate":[74,85],"velocity":[76,149],"heritability.":[77],"We":[78],"developed":[79],"mixed":[81],"model":[82],"jointly":[84],"heritability":[87,138,150,160],"at":[91,161],"age":[92],"54":[93],"velocity.":[96,176],"To":[97],"accommodate":[98],"large":[100],"dataset,":[101],"we":[102,158],"implemented":[103],"2":[104],"efficient":[105],"computational":[106],"approaches:":[107],"partitioning":[109],"meta-analysis":[111],"strategy":[112],"using":[113],"average":[114],"information":[115],"restricted":[116,123],"maximum":[117],"likelihood":[118],"(AI-REML)":[119],"fast":[122],"Haseman-Elston":[124],"(REHE)":[125],"regression":[126],"method.":[127],"Simulations":[128],"showed":[129],"that":[130],"both":[131,137],"methods":[132],"yield":[133],"unbiased":[134],"estimates":[135],"metrics,":[139],"AI-REML":[141,154],"providing":[142],"smaller":[143],"variability":[144],"in":[145],"estimation":[147],"than":[151],"REHE.":[152],"Applying":[153],"PLCO":[156],"estimated":[159],"0.32":[162],"(s.e.":[163,171],"=":[164,172],"0.07)":[165],"baseline":[167],"0.45":[170],"0.18)":[173],"These":[177],"findings":[178],"reveal":[179],"substantial":[181],"contribution":[183],"supporting":[187],"future":[188],"studies":[190],"identify":[192],"variants":[193],"affecting":[194],"dynamics":[196],"improve":[198],"PSA-based":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
