{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416083448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387","title":"FPGA-based real-time iterative learning control for bidirectional galvo scanning in large-FOV two-photon microscopy","display_name":"FPGA-based real-time iterative learning control for bidirectional galvo scanning in large-FOV two-photon microscopy","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416083448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.3095387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088597","display_name":"International Conference on Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Engineering (ICBBE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fifth International Conference on Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Engineering (ICBBE 2025)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075399587","display_name":"Yukun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7499-8092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7499-8092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science and Technology University (China)","Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science and Technology University (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101794556","display_name":"Hang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-0009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3805-0009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101574728","display_name":"Yanhui Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-5152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-5152","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1327-8078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166372","display_name":"Transcend Vivoscope (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05xwd1c44","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhui Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd. (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Transcend Vivoscope Biotech Co., Ltd. (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410993","display_name":"Yunfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-1742","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-1742"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","Peking University (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747264","display_name":"Aimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-9494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-9494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","Peking University (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068204114","display_name":"Runlong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-3010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-3010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145478","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04bpn6s66","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runlong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science and Technology University (China)","Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science and Technology University (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145478"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37408297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11525","display_name":"Piezoelectric Actuators and Control","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-learning-control","display_name":"iterative learning control","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-photon-microscopy","display_name":"two-photon microscopy","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-field-of-view","display_name":"wide field of view","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga-implementation","display_name":"FPGA implementation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-compensation","display_name":"real-time compensation","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-scanning","display_name":"raster scanning","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confocal-microscopy","display_name":"confocal microscopy","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"LiDAR","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-micromachining","display_name":"laser micromachining","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145406643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2641959","display_name":"Raster scan","level":2,"score":0.697700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117619785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094414","display_name":"Iterative learning control","level":3,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4499000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81793267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180962","display_name":"Phase retrieval","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29420128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179472","display_name":"Galvanometer","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844471","display_name":"Ultrashort pulse","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.3095387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3095387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407088597","display_name":"International Conference on Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Engineering (ICBBE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fifth International Conference on Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Engineering (ICBBE 2025)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289351772","https://openalex.org/W2901570575","https://openalex.org/W4389953907","https://openalex.org/W2055309687","https://openalex.org/W588296214","https://openalex.org/W1552379592","https://openalex.org/W4395961940","https://openalex.org/W2133104025","https://openalex.org/W4293057360","https://openalex.org/W4382198415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-photon":[0],"microscopy":[1],"enables":[2],"deep,":[3],"minimally":[4],"invasive":[5],"imaging,":[6],"but":[7],"high-speed":[8],"bidirectional":[9],"scanning":[10,68],"is":[11,31,126,141],"constrained":[12],"by":[13],"galvo":[14,95],"phase":[15],"lag":[16],"and":[17,35,47,104,131,153],"nonlinear":[18],"dynamics,":[19],"leading":[20],"to":[21,33,49,98,144],"line-to-line":[22],"misregistration":[23],"at":[24],"large":[25],"field":[26],"of":[27,66,100,119],"view":[28],"(FOV)":[29],"that":[30,62],"difficult":[32,48],"correct":[34],"severely":[36],"degrades":[37],"image":[38],"quality.":[39],"Existing":[40],"model-based":[41],"correction":[42],"strategies":[43],"are":[44],"computationally":[45,127],"intensive":[46],"implement":[50],"in":[51],"practice.":[52],"We":[53],"introduce":[54],"a":[55,74,86,113],"lightweight":[56],"iterative":[57],"learning":[58],"control":[59,83],"(ILC)":[60],"scheme":[61],"leverages":[63],"the":[64,79],"periodicity":[65],"raster":[67],"for":[69],"real-time":[70],"compensation.":[71],"Implemented":[72],"on":[73],"field-programmable":[75],"gate":[76],"array":[77],"(FPGA),":[78],"algorithm":[80],"iteratively":[81],"updates":[82],"signals":[84],"using":[85],"proportional":[87],"ILC":[88],"law":[89],"with":[90],"microsecond":[91],"latency.":[92],"This":[93],"reduces":[94],"tracking":[96],"error":[97],"~2%":[99],"its":[101],"open-loop":[102],"level":[103],"completely":[105],"suppresses":[106],"odd\u2013even":[107],"line":[108],"shifts.":[109],"Pollen":[110],"imaging":[111],"over":[112],"310-\u03bcm":[114],"FOV":[115],"demonstrates":[116],"full":[117],"restoration":[118],"structural":[120],"detail.":[121],"The":[122],"proposed":[123],"FPGA\u2013ILC":[124],"framework":[125],"efficient,":[128],"easily":[129],"deployable,":[130],"substantially":[132],"enhances":[133],"large-FOV":[134],"two-photon":[135,138],"imaging.":[136],"Beyond":[137],"microscopy,":[139,151],"it":[140],"broadly":[142],"applicable":[143],"other":[145],"raster-scanning":[146],"modalities":[147],"such":[148],"as":[149],"confocal":[150],"LiDAR,":[152],"laser":[154],"micromachining.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-11-10T00:00:00"}
