{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416059221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","title":"Phishing Detection Using Machine Learning: Performance Evaluation of Classification Algorithms","display_name":"Phishing Detection Using Machine Learning: Performance Evaluation of Classification Algorithms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416059221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738868728","display_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology","issn_l":"2088-5334","issn":["2088-5334","2460-6952"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263046","host_organization_name":"Insight Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Insight Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051195629","display_name":"Mohd Arfian Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-2289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-2289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Arfian Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090356006","display_name":"Hilal Hudan Nuha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-6788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-6788","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3638-0788"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilal H. Nuha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Telkom University Bandung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Telkom University Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Setyorini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Setyorini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Telkom University Bandung, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Telkom University Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042797389","display_name":"Suhaila Mohd. Yasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-8259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-8259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhaila Mohd. Yasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2646321,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"1616","last_page":"1622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-detection","display_name":"phishing detection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-websites","display_name":"phishing websites","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-emails","display_name":"phishing emails","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier-comparison","display_name":"classifier comparison","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"decision tree","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes","display_name":"naive Bayes","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"logistic regression","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-dataset","display_name":"phishing dataset","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.9438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8277999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.784500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6820999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6410999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5848000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.5764999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125168437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625184","display_name":"Structured support vector machine","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738868728","display_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology","issn_l":"2088-5334","issn":["2088-5334","2460-6952"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263046","host_organization_name":"Insight Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Insight Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.15.5.13271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738868728","display_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology","issn_l":"2088-5334","issn":["2088-5334","2460-6952"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263046","host_organization_name":"Insight Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263046"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Insight Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126453601","https://openalex.org/W7125258758","https://openalex.org/W4390203616","https://openalex.org/W7133483932","https://openalex.org/W4394988948","https://openalex.org/W4414239541","https://openalex.org/W4396841063","https://openalex.org/W7117550205","https://openalex.org/W7162693651","https://openalex.org/W4413096863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phishing":[0,107,122],"attacks":[1,21],"pose":[2],"a":[3],"major":[4],"cybersecurity":[5],"threat":[6],"by":[7],"exploiting":[8],"human":[9],"vulnerabilities":[10],"through":[11],"deceptive":[12],"websites":[13],"and":[14,17,36,74,97,100,116,125,144,150,165,184],"emails.":[15],"Detecting":[16],"classifying":[18],"these":[19],"phishing":[20,79,173],"is":[22,34],"crucial":[23],"in":[24,28],"identifying":[25],"essential":[26],"patterns":[27],"the":[29,47,89,103,106,111,120,128,135,153],"attacks.":[30],"However,":[31],"such":[32],"effort":[33],"extensive":[35],"thus":[37],"requires":[38],"support":[39],"from":[40],"machine":[41,51],"learning-based":[42],"techniques.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"evaluates":[46],"effectiveness":[48],"of":[49,114,131],"seven":[50],"learning":[52,163,167],"(ML)":[53],"models\u2014Decision":[54],"Tree":[55],"(DT),":[56],"K-Nearest":[57],"Neighbors":[58],"(KNN),":[59],"Na\u00efve":[60],"Bayes":[61],"(NB),":[62],"Random":[63],"Forest":[64],"(RF),":[65],"Support":[66],"Vector":[67],"Machine":[68],"(SVM),":[69],"Artificial":[70],"Neural":[71],"Network":[72],"(ANN),":[73],"Logistic":[75],"Regression":[76],"(LR)\u2014on":[77],"two":[78],"datasets.":[80],"The":[81,158],"models":[82],"used":[83],"10-fold":[84],"cross-validation":[85],"for":[86,172],"evaluation,":[87],"with":[88,110],"performance":[90],"metrics":[91],"evaluated":[92],"as":[93],"accuracy,":[94],"precision,":[95],"recall,":[96],"F1-score.":[98],"RF":[99,126],"ANN":[101],"performed":[102],"best":[104],"on":[105,179],"Website":[108,121],"Dataset":[109],"highest":[112,129],"accuracies":[113],"96.63%":[115],"96.54%,":[117],"respectively.":[118],"On":[119],"Dataset,":[123],"DT":[124],"achieved":[127],"accuracy":[130],"87.82%.":[132],"NB":[133],"exhibited":[134],"poorest":[136],"performance,":[137],"attributable":[138],"to":[139,187],"insufficient":[140],"recollection.":[141],"Confusion":[142],"matrices":[143],"heatmaps":[145],"validated":[146],"that":[147,161],"RF,":[148],"ANN,":[149],"SVM":[151],"yield":[152],"most":[154],"dependable":[155],"classification":[156],"outcomes.":[157],"results":[159],"indicate":[160],"ensemble":[162],"(RF)":[164],"deep":[166],"(ANN)":[168],"are":[169],"exceptionally":[170],"effective":[171],"detection.":[174],"Subsequent":[175],"efforts":[176],"should":[177],"concentrate":[178],"hyperparameter":[180],"optimization,":[181],"feature":[182],"selection,":[183],"hybrid":[185],"modeling":[186],"improve":[188],"accuracy.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-11-09T00:00:00"}