{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416041966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","title":"Afghanistan\u2019s Industrial Property Legislation: A Critical Analysis of Compliance with International Obligations","display_name":"Afghanistan\u2019s Industrial Property Legislation: A Critical Analysis of Compliance with International Obligations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416041966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","pdf_url":"https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/download/920/1081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279385","display_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","issn_l":"2583-1712","issn":["2583-1712"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/download/920/1081","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119713054","display_name":"Yaqub Jan Samim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109130","display_name":"Khost University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jrh007","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109130"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaqub Jan Samim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Law Department, Shaikh Zayed University, AFGHANISTAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Law Department, Shaikh Zayed University, AFGHANISTAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119713054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109130"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32232796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"22","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-property-law","display_name":"industrial property law","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan","display_name":"Afghanistan","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-agreement","display_name":"TRIPS Agreement","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wipo-treaties","display_name":"WIPO treaties","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-compliance","display_name":"international compliance","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trademarks","display_name":"trademarks","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-design","display_name":"industrial design","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographical-indications","display_name":"geographical indications","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-secrets","display_name":"trade secrets","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-law","display_name":"competition law","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property-enforcement","display_name":"intellectual property enforcement","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-capacity-building","display_name":"institutional capacity building","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-reform","display_name":"legal reform","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation","display_name":"innovation","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.8122000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.8001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7896999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5985000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5058000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778419888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750057","display_name":"Industrial property","level":3,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1946268","display_name":"International trade law","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2540999948978424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","pdf_url":"https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/download/920/1081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279385","display_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","issn_l":"2583-1712","issn":["2583-1712"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.5.6.5","pdf_url":"https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/download/920/1081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279385","display_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","issn_l":"2583-1712","issn":["2583-1712"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416041966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416041966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246290055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404200492","https://openalex.org/W6976957781","https://openalex.org/W3107413007","https://openalex.org/W6939759508","https://openalex.org/W6968547758","https://openalex.org/W6893981303","https://openalex.org/W4321846013","https://openalex.org/W7216629345","https://openalex.org/W4402196225","https://openalex.org/W4290465329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industrial":[0],"property":[1,10,29,41,147,194],"legislation":[2,78,126],"falls":[3],"under":[4,50],"the":[5,15,18,51,59,70,90,93,191],"broader":[6],"domain":[7],"of":[8,17,38,64,69],"intellectual":[9],"(IP)":[11],"law,":[12],"which":[13,96],"protects":[14],"creations":[16],"human":[19],"mind.":[20],"IP":[21],"is":[22,139],"generally":[23],"divided":[24],"into":[25,190],"two":[26],"branches:":[27],"industrial":[28,40,82,146,193],"and":[30,48,58,88,106,110,116,127,134,153,156,164,181,188],"copyright.":[31],"This":[32],"article":[33],"provides":[34],"a":[35,114],"short":[36],"analysis":[37],"Afghanistan\u2019s":[39,145],"legal":[42],"framework\u2019s":[43],"compliance":[44,187],"with":[45,100,176],"international":[46,128,177],"obligations":[47],"standards":[49],"World":[52,71],"Intellectual":[53,65],"Property":[54,66],"Organization":[55,73],"(WIPO)":[56],"treaties":[57],"Agreement":[60],"on":[61,76],"Trade-Related":[62],"Aspects":[63],"Rights":[67],"(TRIPS)":[68],"Trade":[72],"(WTO).":[74],"Focusing":[75],"key":[77],"governing":[79],"patents,":[80],"trademarks,":[81],"designs,":[83],"geographical":[84],"indications,":[85],"trade":[86],"secrets,":[87],"competition,":[89,152],"study":[91,138],"examines":[92],"extent":[94],"to":[95],"domestic":[97],"laws":[98,173],"align":[99],"global":[101,192],"standards,":[102],"identifying":[103],"both":[104],"achievements":[105],"gaps":[107],"in":[108],"enforcement":[109],"institutional":[111,162],"capacity.":[112],"Using":[113],"doctrinal":[115],"comparative":[117],"methodology,":[118],"it":[119,142],"analyzes":[120],"primary":[121],"sources":[122],"such":[123],"as":[124,141],"Afghan":[125],"treaties,":[129],"supplemented":[130],"by":[131],"scholarly":[132],"publications":[133],"WIPO/WTO":[135],"reports.":[136],"The":[137,167],"significant":[140],"assesses":[143],"how":[144],"framework":[148],"supports":[149],"innovation,":[150],"fair":[151],"economic":[154],"development,":[155],"offers":[157],"recommendations":[158],"for":[159,185],"legislative":[160],"reform,":[161],"strengthening,":[163],"effective":[165],"enforcement.":[166],"findings":[168],"indicate":[169],"that":[170],"while":[171],"foundational":[172],"substantially":[174],"comply":[175],"norms,":[178],"continued":[179],"reform":[180],"capacity-building":[182],"are":[183],"essential":[184],"full":[186],"integration":[189],"system.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}