{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416015116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","title":"The Pupil\u2010Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics","display_name":"The Pupil\u2010Brain System at Rest: Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416015116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42266026","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13250614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/psyp.70338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167723465","display_name":"Psychophysiology","issn_l":"0048-5772","issn":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053294450","display_name":"Tongxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061783725","display_name":"Sonja A. Kotz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-4624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-4624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130445","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0387jng26","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210130445"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Kotz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands","Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences  Leipzig Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences  Leipzig Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048336797","display_name":"Antonio Criscuolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-441X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-441X","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Criscuolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054015683","display_name":"Michael Schwartze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4893","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-4624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Schwartze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-4893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054015683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"apc_list":{"value":4020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4020},"apc_paid":{"value":4020,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4020},"fwci":4.1088,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93637227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"e70338","last_page":"e70338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.8647000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascending-arousal-system","display_name":"ascending arousal system","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-system","display_name":"noradrenergic system","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinergic-system","display_name":"cholinergic system","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonergic-system","display_name":"serotonergic system","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-system","display_name":"dopaminergic system","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-mode-network","display_name":"default mode network","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience-network","display_name":"salience network","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensorimotor-network","display_name":"sensorimotor network","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"neuromodulation","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altered-states-of-consciousness","display_name":"altered states of consciousness","score":0.925000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.8023999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984127161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neural activity","level":2,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.4262999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141516989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182555","display_name":"Default mode network","level":3,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74254510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240508","display_name":"Premovement neuronal activity","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816418","display_name":"Efferent","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52338299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780196419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762173","display_name":"Nerve net","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551621295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182228","display_name":"Brainstem","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001143","descriptor_name":"Arousal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002540","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011680","descriptor_name":"Pupil","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/psyp.70338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167723465","display_name":"Psychophysiology","issn_l":"0048-5772","issn":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.176279957.78358538/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176279957.78358538/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176279957.78358538/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.176279957.78358538/v1","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/my72t_v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/my72t_v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/my72t_v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:42266026","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42266026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/8b227e85-b2f5-4c19-b235-28afe292f91c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/8b227e85-b2f5-4c19-b235-28afe292f91c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, T, Kotz, S A, Criscuolo, A & Schwartze, M 2026, 'The Pupil-Brain System at Rest : Spontaneous Pupil Fluctuations as Markers of Neuromodulatory and Network Dynamics', Psychophysiology, vol. 63, no. 6, e70338. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13250614","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13250614/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3714838","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0013-2FC5-9","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0013-2FC7-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:7a384fae-1186-4c82-b490-e55019a4c1ba","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/my72t","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/psyp.70338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167723465","display_name":"Psychophysiology","issn_l":"0048-5772","issn":["0048-5772","1469-8986"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G478133752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202408330098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416015116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416015116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":187,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506809873","https://openalex.org/W1519578210","https://openalex.org/W1588278356","https://openalex.org/W1589521747","https://openalex.org/W1601100579","https://openalex.org/W1604039963","https://openalex.org/W1760829075","https://openalex.org/W1932385070","https://openalex.org/W1933934289","https://openalex.org/W1968019923","https://openalex.org/W1969139870","https://openalex.org/W1969676672","https://openalex.org/W1974043094","https://openalex.org/W1976205295","https://openalex.org/W1976318588","https://openalex.org/W1979364392","https://openalex.org/W1980129559","https://openalex.org/W1991771535","https://openalex.org/W2001227255","https://openalex.org/W2002293846","https://openalex.org/W2013313898","https://openalex.org/W2019361862","https://openalex.org/W2022341022","https://openalex.org/W2034004587","https://openalex.org/W2042739075","https://openalex.org/W2062242288","https://openalex.org/W2065885559","https://openalex.org/W2068600458","https://openalex.org/W2072170505","https://openalex.org/W2074936002","https://openalex.org/W2080275784","https://openalex.org/W2080843822","https://openalex.org/W2083153865","https://openalex.org/W2086338669","https://openalex.org/W2090305817","https://openalex.org/W2096924058","https://openalex.org/W2104128743","https://openalex.org/W2109884356","https://openalex.org/W2115095583","https://openalex.org/W2116658855","https://openalex.org/W2117194251","https://openalex.org/W2127186958","https://openalex.org/W2129624700","https://openalex.org/W2135176444","https://openalex.org/W2136435696","https://openalex.org/W2144084456","https://openalex.org/W2144214580","https://openalex.org/W2147546041","https://openalex.org/W2158815034","https://openalex.org/W2160105095","https://openalex.org/W2162010696","https://openalex.org/W2168415226","https://openalex.org/W2210396547","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2413319142","https://openalex.org/W2475278558","https://openalex.org/W2480126721","https://openalex.org/W2523445223","https://openalex.org/W2526529257","https://openalex.org/W2528538115","https://openalex.org/W2529925813","https://openalex.org/W2551360963","https://openalex.org/W2588388246","https://openalex.org/W2589105429","https://openalex.org/W2593424870","https://openalex.org/W2594002025","https://openalex.org/W2604427212","https://openalex.org/W2737645919","https://openalex.org/W2743854648","https://openalex.org/W2746627911","https://openalex.org/W2758014172","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2766785612","https://openalex.org/W2767077660","https://openalex.org/W2777887263","https://openalex.org/W2783832094","https://openalex.org/W2788657169","https://openalex.org/W2788770082","https://openalex.org/W2792783253","https://openalex.org/W2793050579","https://openalex.org/W2877442110","https://openalex.org/W2905222095","https://openalex.org/W2909994477","https://openalex.org/W2912404417","https://openalex.org/W2914585460","https://openalex.org/W2921276539","https://openalex.org/W2922232063","https://openalex.org/W2938319151","https://openalex.org/W2945612636","https://openalex.org/W2949585998","https://openalex.org/W2952216243","https://openalex.org/W2963647538","https://openalex.org/W2971177595","https://openalex.org/W2982056205","https://openalex.org/W3002904268","https://openalex.org/W3010513058","https://openalex.org/W3020271498","https://openalex.org/W3039906298","https://openalex.org/W3041179078","https://openalex.org/W3081486610","https://openalex.org/W3082483604","https://openalex.org/W3086380019","https://openalex.org/W3088937191","https://openalex.org/W3094244498","https://openalex.org/W3105079918","https://openalex.org/W3107901486","https://openalex.org/W3108545782","https://openalex.org/W3116955806","https://openalex.org/W3122314019","https://openalex.org/W3125589350","https://openalex.org/W3133091410","https://openalex.org/W3133701653","https://openalex.org/W3134065688","https://openalex.org/W3154568285","https://openalex.org/W3171851983","https://openalex.org/W3178988267","https://openalex.org/W3180578469","https://openalex.org/W3182932762","https://openalex.org/W3183794771","https://openalex.org/W3187284521","https://openalex.org/W3196879039","https://openalex.org/W3198015625","https://openalex.org/W3198305586","https://openalex.org/W3198873782","https://openalex.org/W3200931809","https://openalex.org/W3207033364","https://openalex.org/W3207557865","https://openalex.org/W4207067722","https://openalex.org/W4210340544","https://openalex.org/W4210618141","https://openalex.org/W4213213297","https://openalex.org/W4214649547","https://openalex.org/W4220706818","https://openalex.org/W4220715079","https://openalex.org/W4220761374","https://openalex.org/W4221030443","https://openalex.org/W4221129312","https://openalex.org/W4225357290","https://openalex.org/W4281615287","https://openalex.org/W4282924232","https://openalex.org/W4283070654","https://openalex.org/W4283824336","https://openalex.org/W4285033949","https://openalex.org/W4286638073","https://openalex.org/W4292560074","https://openalex.org/W4297250505","https://openalex.org/W4298441315","https://openalex.org/W4307336175","https://openalex.org/W4323569091","https://openalex.org/W4364355569","https://openalex.org/W4367174273","https://openalex.org/W4376117628","https://openalex.org/W4376507163","https://openalex.org/W4378782178","https://openalex.org/W4382181567","https://openalex.org/W4386316155","https://openalex.org/W4386609900","https://openalex.org/W4387298482","https://openalex.org/W4388020066","https://openalex.org/W4390953748","https://openalex.org/W4391319486","https://openalex.org/W4401177012","https://openalex.org/W4401806028","https://openalex.org/W4402115333","https://openalex.org/W4402582071","https://openalex.org/W4403209853","https://openalex.org/W4403228162","https://openalex.org/W4403470856","https://openalex.org/W4404427128","https://openalex.org/W4406283006","https://openalex.org/W4407096237","https://openalex.org/W4407813886","https://openalex.org/W4408026958","https://openalex.org/W4408986502","https://openalex.org/W4410068534","https://openalex.org/W4410753071","https://openalex.org/W4411991892","https://openalex.org/W4412184169","https://openalex.org/W4412478650","https://openalex.org/W4412618468","https://openalex.org/W4413142540","https://openalex.org/W4413336405","https://openalex.org/W4413910481","https://openalex.org/W4413911839","https://openalex.org/W4413990557","https://openalex.org/W4415298974","https://openalex.org/W4417149724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382181567","https://openalex.org/W3198015625","https://openalex.org/W7162981861","https://openalex.org/W2413319142","https://openalex.org/W3183794771","https://openalex.org/W4408986502","https://openalex.org/W4408688333","https://openalex.org/W4402340610","https://openalex.org/W4414533008","https://openalex.org/W3198873782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spontaneous":[0],"pupil":[1],"fluctuations":[2],"(SPFs)":[3],"during":[4],"rest":[5],"provide":[6],"a":[7,158,180],"non-invasive,":[8],"low-cost":[9],"index":[10],"of":[11,16,69,114,200],"central":[12,52],"arousal":[13,72,184],"dynamics,":[14],"independent":[15],"cognitive":[17],"task":[18],"demands.":[19],"These":[20,155],"features":[21],"position":[22],"SPFs":[23,65,147,163,178],"as":[24,165,192],"promising":[25],"markers":[26,167],"for":[27,121,127,194],"baseline":[28],"neurophysiological":[29],"activity":[30,150],"in":[31,97,161],"both":[32],"basic":[33],"and":[34,55,66,78,92,102,111,124,129,136,143,148,153,186,197],"translational":[35,130],"research.":[36],"This":[37],"review":[38],"synthesizes":[39],"current":[40],"evidence":[41,133],"on":[42,48],"the":[43,62,70,109],"resting-state":[44],"pupil-brain":[45,115],"system,":[46,73],"focusing":[47],"its":[49],"core":[50],"components:":[51],"neuromodulatory":[53],"circuits":[54],"large-scale":[56,172],"cortical":[57,173],"networks.":[58],"We":[59,81,175],"first":[60],"examine":[61],"relationship":[63],"between":[64,100,146],"distributed":[67],"elements":[68],"ascending":[71],"including":[74],"noradrenergic,":[75],"cholinergic,":[76],"serotonergic,":[77],"dopaminergic":[79],"nuclei.":[80],"then":[82],"detail":[83],"SPF":[84],"coupling":[85,145],"with":[86,171,189],"intrinsic":[87],"functional":[88],"networks-default":[89],"mode,":[90],"salience,":[91],"sensorimotor":[93],"systems-highlighting":[94],"their":[95],"role":[96],"mediating":[98],"transitions":[99],"internally-":[101],"externally-oriented":[103],"brain":[104],"states.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"we":[107],"discuss":[108],"spectral":[110,144],"directional":[112],"properties":[113],"interactions,":[116],"emphasizing":[117],"analytical":[118],"approaches":[119],"suited":[120],"assessing":[122],"directionality":[123],"outlining":[125],"implications":[126],"clinical":[128],"applications.":[131],"Converging":[132],"from":[134],"animal":[135],"human":[137],"neuroimaging":[138],"studies":[139],"reveals":[140],"robust":[141],"spatiotemporal":[142],"neural":[149],"across":[151],"micro-":[152],"macro-scales.":[154],"findings":[156],"support":[157],"systems-level":[159],"framework":[160],"which":[162],"serve":[164],"integrative":[166],"linking":[168],"subcortical":[169],"neuromodulation":[170],"dynamics.":[174],"conclude":[176],"that":[177],"offer":[179],"sensitive":[181],"window":[182],"into":[183],"regulation":[185],"body-brain":[187],"integration,":[188],"potential":[190],"utility":[191],"biomarkers":[193],"neuropsychiatric":[195],"conditions":[196],"altered":[198],"states":[199],"consciousness.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-11-07T00:00:00"}
