{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415993003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","title":"Personalized Prediction of Clozapine Treatment Response Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data in Japanese Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia","display_name":"Personalized Prediction of Clozapine Treatment Response Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data in Japanese Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415993003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41227287","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12610035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm14217892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102131298","display_name":"Tatsuo Nakahara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-4876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-4876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158471","display_name":"Hizen Psychiatric Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05087r129","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuo Nakahara","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-4876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113671853","display_name":"Yukiko Harada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2671-1616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2671-1616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158471","display_name":"Hizen Psychiatric Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05087r129","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukiko Harada","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2671-1616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009942157","display_name":"Naho Nakayama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158471","display_name":"Hizen Psychiatric Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05087r129","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naho Nakayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105470041","display_name":"Kijiro Hashimoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158471","display_name":"Hizen Psychiatric Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05087r129","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kijiro Hashimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026503821","display_name":"Naoya Kida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283219","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Ryukyu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/018sq1h56","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405283219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoya Kida","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa 904-1201, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa 904-1201, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002954377","display_name":"Toshiaki Onitsuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6583-6405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6583-6405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283878","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Sakakibara Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02f4gg293","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405283878"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiaki Onitsuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Sakakibara Hospital, Mie 514-1292, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6583-6405","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Sakakibara Hospital, Mie 514-1292, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hiroo Noda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137409","display_name":"National Hospital Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntccx93","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroo Noda","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Saigata Medical Center, Niigata 949-3193, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Saigata Medical Center, Niigata 949-3193, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058899571","display_name":"\u6751\u6749\u8b19\u6b21","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284906","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Komoro Kogen Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04dr7nq02","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405284906"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Murasugi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Komoro Kogen Hospital, Nagano 384-8540, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Komoro Kogen Hospital, Nagano 384-8540, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405284906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089053125","display_name":"Yoshihiro Takimoto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137409","display_name":"National Hospital Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntccx93","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405285450","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Yamato Psychiatric Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs4ej35","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405285450"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiro Takimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Yamato Psychiatric Center, Nara 639-1042, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Yamato Psychiatric Center, Nara 639-1042, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405285450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109522021","display_name":"Wataru Omori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-6080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137409","display_name":"National Hospital Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntccx93","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160686","display_name":"Kure Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05te51965","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210160686"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wataru Omori","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Department of Psychiatry, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima 737-0023, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Department of Psychiatry, Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima 737-0023, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210160686"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071345305","display_name":"Tsuruhei Sukegawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405282729","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Tottori Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00ce8y633","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405282729"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsuruhei Sukegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Tottori Medical Center, Tottori 689-0203, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405282729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jun Shiraishi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283619","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Hokuriku Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01zwkjc96","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405283619"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Shiraishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hokuriku Hospital, Toyama 939-1893, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hokuriku Hospital, Toyama 939-1893, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111367300","display_name":"Kouji Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1612-330X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1612-330X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137409","display_name":"National Hospital Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03ntccx93","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405284558","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Kikuchi Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8jjd71","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405284558"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kouji Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Kikuchi National Hospital, Kumamoto 861-1116, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Kikuchi National Hospital, Kumamoto 861-1116, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405284558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030321403","display_name":"Hitoshi Maesato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-6432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-6432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106757","display_name":"Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01kqjm533","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106757","https://openalex.org/I4210137409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405283219","display_name":"National Hospital Organization Ryukyu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/018sq1h56","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4405283219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Maesato","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa 239-0841, Japan","National Hospital Organization, Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa 904-1201, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-6432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa 239-0841, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa 904-1201, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405283219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045719470","display_name":"Takefumi Ueno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158471","display_name":"Hizen Psychiatric Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05087r129","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137409","https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takefumi Ueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-9340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga 842-0192, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045719470"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158471"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":1.5978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84304741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"7892","last_page":"7892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12547","display_name":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia","display_name":"treatment-resistant schizophrenia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-drug-monitoring","display_name":"therapeutic drug monitoring","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-prediction","display_name":"treatment response prediction","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dried-blood-spots","display_name":"dried blood spots","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norclozapine","display_name":"norclozapine","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine-n-oxide","display_name":"clozapine-N-oxide","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-effects","display_name":"age effects","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brief-psychiatric-rating-scale","display_name":"Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap","display_name":"SHAP","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"personalized medicine","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-dose","display_name":"antipsychotic dosing","score":0.7699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221361","display_name":"Clozapine","level":3,"score":0.9564999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778528637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967025","display_name":"Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","level":3,"score":0.8277000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780272996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261151","display_name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","level":3,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.6144999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102652120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419430","display_name":"Therapeutic effect","level":2,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149172746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585693","display_name":"Efficacy","level":3,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.3612000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19831878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659446","display_name":"Therapeutic index","level":3,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758295","display_name":"Atypical antipsychotic","level":4,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019878999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic drug","level":4,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994119904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1251001","display_name":"Drug response","level":3,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020580990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Blood concentration","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1621761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7997549","display_name":"Whole blood","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm14217892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11414847","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12610035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41227287","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41227287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/jcm14217892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14217892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737969411","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","issn_l":"2077-0383","issn":["2077-0383"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227878633","https://openalex.org/W1507333172","https://openalex.org/W1537721090","https://openalex.org/W1587039481","https://openalex.org/W1977612820","https://openalex.org/W2030877991","https://openalex.org/W2086401152","https://openalex.org/W2092509705","https://openalex.org/W2131177860","https://openalex.org/W2165551223","https://openalex.org/W2179994068","https://openalex.org/W2315410909","https://openalex.org/W2461169273","https://openalex.org/W2474685116","https://openalex.org/W2475100720","https://openalex.org/W2753966476","https://openalex.org/W2799522182","https://openalex.org/W2807733730","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2918793347","https://openalex.org/W2921409744","https://openalex.org/W2982167270","https://openalex.org/W3002285866","https://openalex.org/W3007350806","https://openalex.org/W3109333384","https://openalex.org/W3122757043","https://openalex.org/W3133199303","https://openalex.org/W3137447754","https://openalex.org/W3159255475","https://openalex.org/W3160308778","https://openalex.org/W3189181477","https://openalex.org/W3200753782","https://openalex.org/W3202939786","https://openalex.org/W3207849894","https://openalex.org/W4214767379","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4282926631","https://openalex.org/W4291189874","https://openalex.org/W4319460521","https://openalex.org/W4322771538","https://openalex.org/W4361279722","https://openalex.org/W4391326676","https://openalex.org/W4400106070","https://openalex.org/W4400479119","https://openalex.org/W4401826104","https://openalex.org/W4403845965","https://openalex.org/W4405137688","https://openalex.org/W4407946799","https://openalex.org/W4408184338","https://openalex.org/W4411121316","https://openalex.org/W4413880352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095581597","https://openalex.org/W4385670016","https://openalex.org/W2059584012","https://openalex.org/W4361279722","https://openalex.org/W2040606665","https://openalex.org/W2320818792","https://openalex.org/W4294189363","https://openalex.org/W2076098529","https://openalex.org/W4387497257","https://openalex.org/W3217798732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Clozapine":[1],"is":[2],"the":[3,22,49,107,120,161,165,174,180,218,221],"only":[4],"antipsychotic":[5],"medication":[6],"proven":[7],"effective":[8],"in":[9,43,155],"patients":[10,17,44,141],"with":[11,45],"treatment-resistant":[12],"schizophrenia":[13],"(TRS).":[14],"However,":[15],"many":[16],"have":[18],"serum":[19],"concentrations":[20,42,95],"outside":[21],"recommended":[23],"therapeutic":[24,77,82],"window,":[25],"and":[26,40,53,57,67,81,99,124,127,150,177,186,193,210,233],"clozapine":[27,38,65,100,211,241],"exhibits":[28],"substantial":[29],"interindividual":[30],"variability.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33],"aimed":[34],"to":[35,64,75,93,118,130,217],"(1)":[36],"examine":[37],"dosage":[39,56],"blood":[41,58,89,137],"TRS;":[46],"(2)":[47],"investigate":[48],"effects":[50],"of":[51,96,135,164,220,240],"sex":[52],"age":[54],"on":[55],"concentrations;":[59],"(3)":[60],"assess":[61],"clinical":[62,80,128,231],"response":[63,78,129,232],"treatment;":[66],"(4)":[68],"develop":[69],"a":[70],"random":[71],"forest":[72],"(RF)":[73],"model":[74,225],"predict":[76],"using":[79,106],"drug":[83],"monitoring":[84],"(TDM)":[85],"data.":[86],"Methods:":[87],"Dried":[88],"spots":[90],"were":[91,104,142,153,189,213],"used":[92],"measure":[94],"clozapine,":[97],"norclozapine,":[98],"N-oxide.":[101],"Clinical":[102],"symptoms":[103],"assessed":[105],"Brief":[108],"Psychiatric":[109],"Rating":[110],"Scale":[111],"(BPRS).":[112],"The":[113,158,196],"RF":[114],"algorithm":[115],"was":[116,171],"applied":[117],"analyze":[119],"relationships":[121],"between":[122],"biochemical":[123],"demographic":[125],"factors":[126],"clozapine.":[131],"Results:":[132],"A":[133],"total":[134],"754":[136],"samples":[138],"from":[139],"167":[140],"analyzed.":[143],"Men":[144],"received":[145],"higher":[146],"doses":[147],"than":[148],"women,":[149],"glucose":[151],"levels":[152],"elevated":[154],"both":[156],"sexes.":[157],"area":[159],"under":[160],"curve":[162,170],"(AUC)":[163],"receiver":[166],"operating":[167],"characteristic":[168],"(ROC)":[169],"0.986":[172],"for":[173,179,230],"training":[175],"set":[176],"0.852":[178],"testing":[181],"set.":[182],"Accuracy,":[183],"precision,":[184],"recall,":[185],"F1-score":[187],"(training/testing)":[188],"0.938/0.786,":[190],"0.936/0.736,":[191],"0.934/0.780,":[192],"0.935/0.757,":[194],"respectively.":[195],"SHapley":[197],"Additive":[198],"exPlanations":[199],"(SHAP)":[200],"analysis":[201],"indicated":[202],"that":[203],"baseline":[204],"BPRS":[205],"score,":[206],"treatment":[207],"duration,":[208],"age,":[209],"concentration":[212],"important":[214],"variables":[215],"contributing":[216],"output":[219],"model.":[222],"Conclusions:":[223],"Our":[224],"achieved":[226],"satisfactory":[227],"predictive":[228],"performance":[229],"provides":[234],"valuable":[235],"insights":[236],"into":[237],"personalized":[238],"prediction":[239],"efficacy.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-11-07T00:00:00"}