{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415972798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","title":"Effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin on growth rate and virulence of Clostridioides difficile","display_name":"Effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of metronidazole, vancomycin, and fidaxomicin on growth rate and virulence of Clostridioides difficile","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415972798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41237659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485324","display_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","issn_l":"0732-8893","issn":["0732-8893","1879-0070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/575010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069476957","display_name":"Masoumeh Azimirad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-7117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2983-7117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoumeh Azimirad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045989524","display_name":"Maryam Noori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-5470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9810-5470"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Noori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016279836","display_name":"Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-1431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-1431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008630212","display_name":"Ahalieyah Anantharajah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315288073","display_name":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc","ror":"https://ror.org/03s4khd80","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315288073"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahalieyah Anantharajah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Medical Microbiology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315288073","https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026622757","display_name":"Zeng Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-4097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-4097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87780372","display_name":"Chongqing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/017z00e58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeng Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87780372"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004425214","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Zali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9027-4560","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9027-4560"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Zali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039019858","display_name":"Abbas Yadegar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-7581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-7581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270669","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58048189","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Yadegar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: babak_y1983@yahoo.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2135-7581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: babak_y1983@yahoo.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039019858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270669","https://openalex.org/I48379061","https://openalex.org/I58048189"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"2","first_page":"117184","last_page":"117184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridioides-difficile","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subinhibitory-concentrations","display_name":"subinhibitory concentrations","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metronidazole","display_name":"metronidazole","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vancomycin","display_name":"vancomycin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidaxomicin","display_name":"fidaxomicin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-virulence","display_name":"bacterial virulence","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-motility","display_name":"bacterial motility","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flagellar-gene-expression","display_name":"flagellar gene expression","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-production","display_name":"toxin production","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporulation","display_name":"sporulation","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-dosing","display_name":"antibiotic dosing","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-difficile-infection","display_name":"Clostridium difficile infection","score":0.7889999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781342628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446672","display_name":"Fidaxomicin","level":5,"score":0.879800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.805400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.7314000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994496256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27031090","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","level":3,"score":0.7233999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6758000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777396551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169569","display_name":"Metronidazole","level":3,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910067853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27438828","display_name":"Clostridioides","level":2,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97505648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135488","display_name":"Clostridium difficile toxin A","level":4,"score":0.499099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58207958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33596","display_name":"Motility","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.42820000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778980435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424027","display_name":"Vancomycin","level":4,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019428505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574905","display_name":"C difficile","level":4,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417968","display_name":"Cefotaxime","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6929976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771881","display_name":"Regulator","level":3,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776607351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592153","display_name":"Clostridiaceae","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115811362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189998","display_name":"Flagellum","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134193097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135489","display_name":"Clostridium difficile toxin B","level":5,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176947019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597889","display_name":"Minimum inhibitory concentration","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781090273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1623405","display_name":"Virulence factor","level":4,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779915187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574891","display_name":"Antibiotic-associated diarrhea","level":4,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077732","descriptor_name":"Fidaxomicin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001426","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001427","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Toxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003015","descriptor_name":"Clostridium Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008795","descriptor_name":"Metronidazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013171","descriptor_name":"Spores, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013171","descriptor_name":"Spores, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014640","descriptor_name":"Vancomycin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014774","descriptor_name":"Virulence","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016360","descriptor_name":"Clostridioides difficile","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.117184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80485324","display_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","issn_l":"0732-8893","issn":["0732-8893","1879-0070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41237659","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41237659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/575010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/575010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/575010","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/handle/item/575010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400316","display_name":"Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5905147450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RIGLD 1090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323457","funder_display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323457","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034m2b326"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336374","display_name":"Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/014xcbd14"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573761949","https://openalex.org/W2006805047","https://openalex.org/W2010073057","https://openalex.org/W2017882679","https://openalex.org/W2027550017","https://openalex.org/W2052149039","https://openalex.org/W2055385942","https://openalex.org/W2096350108","https://openalex.org/W2097455435","https://openalex.org/W2099047627","https://openalex.org/W2102219089","https://openalex.org/W2106993534","https://openalex.org/W2113335688","https://openalex.org/W2117034033","https://openalex.org/W2119302557","https://openalex.org/W2122863821","https://openalex.org/W2123458607","https://openalex.org/W2129439753","https://openalex.org/W2132626204","https://openalex.org/W2133178033","https://openalex.org/W2139039522","https://openalex.org/W2142600220","https://openalex.org/W2144282350","https://openalex.org/W2145363179","https://openalex.org/W2148529820","https://openalex.org/W2156456403","https://openalex.org/W2158885600","https://openalex.org/W2168453790","https://openalex.org/W2171148052","https://openalex.org/W2182683962","https://openalex.org/W2293319370","https://openalex.org/W2325347923","https://openalex.org/W2339774755","https://openalex.org/W2461819187","https://openalex.org/W2529833067","https://openalex.org/W2559864867","https://openalex.org/W2593775344","https://openalex.org/W2613140234","https://openalex.org/W2750615965","https://openalex.org/W2751128104","https://openalex.org/W2754129247","https://openalex.org/W2783061537","https://openalex.org/W2795119705","https://openalex.org/W2796760994","https://openalex.org/W2804864639","https://openalex.org/W2899979584","https://openalex.org/W2916250705","https://openalex.org/W2918559815","https://openalex.org/W2966448903","https://openalex.org/W2980436791","https://openalex.org/W2986137494","https://openalex.org/W3009526846","https://openalex.org/W3013035692","https://openalex.org/W3033920493","https://openalex.org/W3043490938","https://openalex.org/W3100243599","https://openalex.org/W3134340032","https://openalex.org/W3161615998","https://openalex.org/W3207309052","https://openalex.org/W4225000366","https://openalex.org/W4225469458","https://openalex.org/W4280612556","https://openalex.org/W4285121480","https://openalex.org/W4287958382","https://openalex.org/W4388718519","https://openalex.org/W4411278450","https://openalex.org/W4411965878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215025806","https://openalex.org/W2148529820","https://openalex.org/W4317904551","https://openalex.org/W2996693161","https://openalex.org/W2096350108","https://openalex.org/W2378590437","https://openalex.org/W7099613217","https://openalex.org/W4386259259","https://openalex.org/W3011429666","https://openalex.org/W4280612556"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}