{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415923830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","title":"Comparison of non-invasive strategies to drive fluid resuscitation in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of RCTs","display_name":"Comparison of non-invasive strategies to drive fluid resuscitation in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of RCTs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415923830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41191290","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13694371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140847651","display_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1828-0447","issn":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001260063","display_name":"Mara Graziani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-912X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-912X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mara Graziani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. maragraziani11@gmail.com","Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine -  Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9665-912X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. maragraziani11@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine -  Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050689047","display_name":"Laura Gasperini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Gasperini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Claudia Gasperini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Gasperini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044730364","display_name":"Giorgio Maraziti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-1297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-1297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Maraziti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048017448","display_name":"Gennaro DE PASCALE","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-0676","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-0676"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802557943","display_name":"Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic","ror":"https://ror.org/00rg70c39","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802557943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153126","display_name":"Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico","ror":"https://ror.org/04tfzc498","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gennaro De Pascale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Science, Anesthesiology, and Resuscitation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Science, Anesthesiology, and Resuscitation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557943","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064108429","display_name":"Cecilia Becattini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-4888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-4888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Becattini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001260063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"],"apc_list":{"value":4790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4790},"apc_paid":{"value":4790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4790},"fwci":0.5142,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46103118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"2637","last_page":"2648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12333","display_name":"Abdominal Surgery and Complications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/septic-shock","display_name":"septic shock","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-resuscitation","display_name":"fluid resuscitation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-monitoring","display_name":"non-invasive monitoring","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-clearance","display_name":"lactate clearance","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-refill-time","display_name":"capillary refill time","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inferior-vena-cava-collapsibility","display_name":"inferior vena cava collapsibility","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-leg-raising","display_name":"passive leg raising","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke-volume","display_name":"stroke volume","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echocardiography","display_name":"echocardiography","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-venous-oxygen-saturation","display_name":"central venous oxygen saturation","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-term-mortality","display_name":"short-term mortality","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9585999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.8672999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.7384999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909332496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4581951","display_name":"Capillary refill","level":3,"score":0.4900999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195646399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058580","display_name":"Intravascular volume status","level":3,"score":0.48069998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647235","display_name":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign","level":5,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910216633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745438","display_name":"Inferior vena cava","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780921292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277518","display_name":"Early goal-directed therapy","level":5,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909252273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415775","display_name":"Hetastarch","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987404301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80461066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1698533","display_name":"Stroke volume","level":4,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908767450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736995","display_name":"Superior vena cava","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777628635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564","display_name":"Septic shock","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005440","descriptor_name":"Fluid Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005440","descriptor_name":"Fluid Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007902","descriptor_name":"Length of Stay","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012151","descriptor_name":"Resuscitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012151","descriptor_name":"Resuscitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140847651","display_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1828-0447","issn":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13694371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13694371/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13694371/pdf/11739_2025_Article_4179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intern Emerg Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41191290","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41191290","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal and emergency medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11739-025-04179-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140847651","display_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","issn_l":"1828-0447","issn":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internal and Emergency Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326523","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415923830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415923830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531196479","https://openalex.org/W1617328014","https://openalex.org/W1839481804","https://openalex.org/W1869081407","https://openalex.org/W1967148064","https://openalex.org/W1969367601","https://openalex.org/W2015329932","https://openalex.org/W2067090053","https://openalex.org/W2087453022","https://openalex.org/W2089600779","https://openalex.org/W2098923148","https://openalex.org/W2113961570","https://openalex.org/W2118966378","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2129225365","https://openalex.org/W2130075376","https://openalex.org/W2147561122","https://openalex.org/W2149503695","https://openalex.org/W2153928704","https://openalex.org/W2181346571","https://openalex.org/W2243256066","https://openalex.org/W2396062972","https://openalex.org/W2462572733","https://openalex.org/W2733833714","https://openalex.org/W2755626276","https://openalex.org/W2759249182","https://openalex.org/W2807356795","https://openalex.org/W2843416743","https://openalex.org/W2887867256","https://openalex.org/W2912774204","https://openalex.org/W2994890292","https://openalex.org/W2998945599","https://openalex.org/W3015163167","https://openalex.org/W3020551346","https://openalex.org/W3027548201","https://openalex.org/W3079308900","https://openalex.org/W3093893129","https://openalex.org/W3095327148","https://openalex.org/W3113567772","https://openalex.org/W3128725374","https://openalex.org/W3131301410","https://openalex.org/W3135966508","https://openalex.org/W3160576211","https://openalex.org/W3173243194","https://openalex.org/W3203103016","https://openalex.org/W4284886885","https://openalex.org/W4382311056","https://openalex.org/W4384120560","https://openalex.org/W4388775194","https://openalex.org/W4391934595","https://openalex.org/W4400980864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411024965","https://openalex.org/W2243256066","https://openalex.org/W4390240644","https://openalex.org/W2472753539","https://openalex.org/W4400980864","https://openalex.org/W4315498546","https://openalex.org/W7220351808","https://openalex.org/W3165879370","https://openalex.org/W7140849197","https://openalex.org/W4382311056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Early":[1],"fluid":[2,15,31,58,200,231],"resuscitation":[3,59,101,201,232],"reduces":[4],"mortality":[5,107,124,203],"in":[6,60,82,123,233,243],"patients":[7,62,234],"with":[8,63,104,216,235],"sepsis":[9,64,236],"or":[10,65,237],"septic":[11,66,238],"shock,":[12],"but":[13],"excessive":[14],"administration":[16],"may":[17,246],"prolong":[18],"hospitalization":[19],"and":[20,43,69,173,220],"increase":[21],"complications.":[22],"Several":[23],"non-invasive":[24,54],"strategies":[25,55,197],"have":[26],"been":[27],"proposed":[28],"to":[29,48,56,74,109,198,205],"guide":[30,57,199],"resuscitation,":[32],"yet":[33],"their":[34],"comparative":[35],"efficacy":[36],"remains":[37],"uncertain.":[38],"We":[39],"systematically":[40],"searched":[41],"PubMed":[42],"EMBASE":[44],"through":[45],"June":[46],"2025":[47],"identify":[49],"randomized":[50],"controlled":[51],"trials":[52],"evaluating":[53],"adult":[61],"shock.":[67,239],"Pairwise":[68],"network":[70,191],"meta-analyses":[71],"were":[72,94],"conducted":[73],"assess":[75],"short-term":[76,106],"mortality.":[77],"Length":[78],"of":[79,194],"stay":[80],"(LOS)":[81],"intensive":[83],"care":[84,150,163,180],"unit":[85],"(ICU)":[86],"was":[87,102,125,209],"also":[88],"analyzed.":[89],"20":[90],"RCTs":[91],"(2.435":[92],"patients)":[93],"included.":[95],"In":[96,190],"pairwise":[97],"meta-analyses,":[98],"lactate":[99,132],"clearance-guided":[100],"associated":[103],"reduced":[105,202],"compared":[108,204],"ScvO\u2082":[110],"(RR":[111,134,151,164,181],"0.81,":[112],"95%":[113,136,153,166,183],"CI":[114,137,154,167,184],"0.65\u20131.00;":[115],"I":[116,139,156,169,186],"2":[117,140,157,170,187],"=":[118,141,158,171,188],"0%).":[119],"No":[120],"significant":[121],"difference":[122],"observed":[126],"between":[127],"capillary":[128,217],"refill":[129,218],"time":[130,219],"versus":[131,148,161,178],"clearance":[133],"0.82;":[135],"0.65\u20131.04;":[138],"0%),":[142],"passive":[143],"leg-raising":[144],"plus":[145],"stroke":[146],"volume":[147],"usual":[149,162,179,206],"0.91,":[152],"0.67\u20131.23;":[155],"14%),":[159],"echocardiography":[160],"0.72,":[165],"0.32\u20131.61;":[168],"70%),":[172],"inferior":[174,221],"vena":[175,222],"cava":[176,223],"collapsibility":[177,224],"0.75,":[182],"0.52\u20131.09;":[185],"19%).":[189],"meta-analysis,":[192],"none":[193],"the":[195],"assessed":[196],"care.":[207],"Heterogeneity":[208],"moderate.":[210],"Non-invasive":[211],"dynamic":[212],"parameters\u2014lactate":[213],"clearance,":[214],"along":[215],"assessment\u2014are":[225],"promising,":[226],"bedside-available":[227],"tools":[228],"for":[229],"guiding":[230],"Their":[240],"broader":[241],"use":[242],"clinical":[244],"practice":[245],"be":[247],"warranted,":[248],"pending":[249],"confirmation":[250],"from":[251],"high-quality":[252],"studies.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2025-11-05T00:00:00"}