{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415913402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","title":"Comparison of Teaching with Virtual LEGO and Traditional Method on Academic Performance Mathematics Students at Elementary Level","display_name":"Comparison of Teaching with Virtual LEGO and Traditional Method on Academic Performance Mathematics Students at Elementary Level","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415913402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404662138","display_name":"Social science review archives.","issn_l":"3006-4694","issn":["3006-4694","3006-4708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science Review Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120083666","display_name":"Abdul Jabbar Majeedi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801751722","display_name":"Alhamd Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dynqd30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Jabbar Majeedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Education (Scholar) Education Department Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, SST AJK Education Department, Email: jabbarmajeedi4@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Education (Scholar) Education Department Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, SST AJK Education Department, Email: jabbarmajeedi4@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103064177","display_name":"Sidra Kiran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4712-8578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4712-8578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801751722","display_name":"Alhamd Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dynqd30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sidra Kiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Email:  sidra.kiran@aiu.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Email:  sidra.kiran@aiu.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023975054","display_name":"Uzma Batool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-447X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-447X","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1056-3375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801751722","display_name":"Alhamd Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dynqd30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzma Batool Batool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Email:  uzma.batool@aiu.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Email:  uzma.batool@aiu.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801751722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22439818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"984","last_page":"996"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.1429000049829483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13412","display_name":"Education and Technology Integration","score":0.029600000008940697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"mathematics education","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-learning-tools","display_name":"digital learning tools","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ict-in-education","display_name":"ICT in education","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-understanding","display_name":"mathematical understanding","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/7th-grade","display_name":"7th grade","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284266","display_name":"Elementary mathematics","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73744397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11832859","display_name":"Quasi-experiment","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778498041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915466","display_name":"Academic year","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018233652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101965","display_name":"Experimental research","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404662138","display_name":"Social science review archives.","issn_l":"3006-4694","issn":["3006-4694","3006-4708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science Review Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.policyjournalofms.com:article/1188","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://policyjournalofms.com/index.php/6/article/view/1188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404662138","display_name":"Social science review archives.","issn_l":"3006-4694","issn":["3006-4694","3006-4708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"3006-4694","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i4.1188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404662138","display_name":"Social science review archives.","issn_l":"3006-4694","issn":["3006-4694","3006-4708"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Science Review Archives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041585018","https://openalex.org/W4406587403","https://openalex.org/W4400169799","https://openalex.org/W7216021812","https://openalex.org/W4408801835","https://openalex.org/W4392838220","https://openalex.org/W7125712859","https://openalex.org/W7057153046","https://openalex.org/W7127927285","https://openalex.org/W7205007429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,59,82,157,184,199],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,29,46,100,110,127,320,338,352],"the":[3,8,30,50,105,130,141,209,213,246,248,262,274,331,336,339,350,353],"study":[4,31,60,249],"was":[5,32,84,113,133,182,186,308,315,347],"to":[6,15,33,49,164,195,276,303,323,341],"examine":[7],"effectiveness":[9],"Virtual":[11,313],"LEGO-based":[12],"teaching":[13,35,68,138,257,311,319],"compared":[14,66],"traditional":[16,40,71,137],"methods":[17],"in":[18,91,104,206,259,318,330],"enhancing":[19],"mathematical":[20,239],"understanding":[21,240],"among":[22],"elementary":[23,57,263],"school":[24],"students.":[25,96],"major":[27],"objective":[28],"compare":[34],"with":[36,212,299],"virtual":[37,77,145,229,252],"LEGO":[38,78,230,253,314],"and":[39,53,75,115,122,192,234,241,269,290,293],"method":[41,72],"on":[42,94,153,177,237,245],"academic":[43],"students\u2019":[44,170],"performance":[45,207,351],"mathematics":[47,135,260],"belonging":[48],"experimental":[51,63,142,162,214,294],"group":[52,55,132,143,215,284],"control":[54,131,292],"at":[56,86,261],"level.":[58,264],"involved":[61],"an":[62,255],"design":[64,163,180],"that":[65,228,251,283,310,349],"two":[67,119,128,210],"approaches:":[69],"a":[70,76,98,107,125,147,160,172,193,202,232],"(control":[73,121],"group)":[74],"approach":[79],"(experimental":[80],"group).":[81],"research":[83],"conducted":[85],"City":[87],"Garden":[88],"Public":[89],"School":[90],"Skardu,":[92],"focusing":[93],"7th-grade":[95],"From":[97],"population":[99],"approximately":[101],"50,000":[102],"students":[103,112,238,325],"district,":[106],"random":[108],"sample":[109],"20":[111],"selected":[114],"divided":[116],"equally":[117],"into":[118,273],"groups":[120,295],"experimental).":[123],"Over":[124],"period":[126],"weeks,":[129],"taught":[134],"using":[136,188],"methods,":[139],"while":[140,327],"used":[144,159],"LEGO,":[146],"digital,":[148],"interactive":[149],"tool":[150,258],"developed":[151],"based":[152,176],"Froebels":[154],"educational":[155],"principles.":[156],"researchers":[158],"post-test":[161,218],"assess":[165],"learning":[166,301],"outcomes.":[167],"To":[168],"measure":[169],"performance,":[171],"Digital":[173],"Complexity":[174],"Scale,":[175],"established":[178],"block":[179],"stages,":[181],"utilized.":[183],"data":[185],"analyzed":[187],"SPSS":[189],"(version":[190],"26)":[191],"t-test":[194],"determine":[196],"statistical":[197],"significance.":[198],"results":[200],"revealed":[201],"statistically":[203],"significant":[204,235],"difference":[205],"between":[208],"groups,":[211],"showing":[216],"higher":[217],"scores":[219],"(t-value":[220],"=":[221],"8.31,":[222],"p":[223],"<":[224],"0.01).":[225],"This":[226],"indicated":[227],"had":[231],"positive":[233],"effect":[236],"evaluative":[242],"skills.":[243],"Based":[244],"findings,":[247],"concludes":[250],"is":[254],"effective":[256,317],"It":[265,307,346],"recommends":[266],"incorporating":[267],"information":[268],"communication":[270],"technology":[271],"(ICT)":[272],"classroom":[275],"enhance":[277,324],"conceptual":[278],"understanding.":[279],"Furthermore,":[280],"it":[281],"suggests":[282],"activities":[285],"can":[286],"foster":[287],"social":[288],"interaction,":[289],"both":[291],"should":[296],"be":[297],"provided":[298],"equal":[300],"facilities":[302],"support":[304],"fair":[305],"comparisons.":[306],"concluded":[309],"through":[312,356],"found":[316],"Mathematics":[321],"subject":[322],"skills":[326],"its":[328],"practice":[329],"class":[332],"room":[333],"have":[334],"awaken":[335],"mind":[337],"learner":[340,354],"generated":[342],"by":[343],"making":[344],"example.":[345],"observed":[348],"increased":[355],"LEGO.":[357]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-11-05T00:00:00"}
