{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415765765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","title":"A Comparative Study of LSTM and GRU Models for Wind Forecasting","display_name":"A Comparative Study of LSTM and GRU Models for Wind Forecasting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415765765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","pdf_url":"https://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/download/5639/1093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217954","display_name":"SISTEMASI","issn_l":"2302-8149","issn":["2302-8149","2540-9719"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SISTEMASI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/download/5639/1093","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045659006","display_name":"Chaidir Chalaf Islamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-0922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-0922"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122635","display_name":"Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrm8562","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122635"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaidir Chalaf Islamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122635"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120216020","display_name":"Adnan Wahabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122635","display_name":"Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/02xrm8562","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122635"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Wahabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122635"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122635"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"2817","last_page":"2817"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.3855000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.3855000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.28540000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.11089999973773956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-direction-forecasting","display_name":"wind direction forecasting","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed-forecasting","display_name":"wind speed forecasting","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lstm","display_name":"LSTM","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gru","display_name":"GRU","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-networks","display_name":"recurrent neural networks","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-meteorology","display_name":"aviation weather","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-safety","display_name":"flight safety","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-range-weather-forecasting","display_name":"short-term weather forecasting","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sultan-hasanuddin-international-airport","display_name":"Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777717826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854248","display_name":"Takeoff","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107775477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057900","display_name":"Wind direction","level":3,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122282355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246855","display_name":"Probabilistic forecasting","level":3,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","pdf_url":"https://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/download/5639/1093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217954","display_name":"SISTEMASI","issn_l":"2302-8149","issn":["2302-8149","2540-9719"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SISTEMASI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id:article/5639","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/view/5639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217954","display_name":"SISTEMASI","issn_l":"2302-8149","issn":["2302-8149","2540-9719"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.32520/stmsi.v14i6","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ea7b9ba3534456f99d8e1f8e46b5efd","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ea7b9ba3534456f99d8e1f8e46b5efd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sistemasi: Jurnal Sistem Informasi, Vol 14, Iss 6, Pp 2817-2831 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v14i6.5639","pdf_url":"https://sistemasi.ftik.unisi.ac.id/index.php/stmsi/article/download/5639/1093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217954","display_name":"SISTEMASI","issn_l":"2302-8149","issn":["2302-8149","2540-9719"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120560","host_organization_name":"Universitas Islam Indragiri","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120560"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SISTEMASI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415765765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415765765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W3211167621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401052660","https://openalex.org/W4400017127","https://openalex.org/W4415915958","https://openalex.org/W3213533584","https://openalex.org/W4396860251","https://openalex.org/W7171777774","https://openalex.org/W4284899668","https://openalex.org/W4407737000","https://openalex.org/W4404963890","https://openalex.org/W4400470458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,141],"use":[1],"of":[2,17,78,116,134,170,181,190,211,218],"deep":[3,81],"learning":[4,82],"in":[5,14,31,66,98,152,222],"the":[6,15,56,76,114,122,146,209,216,223],"current":[7],"technological":[8],"era":[9],"is":[10,204],"increasingly":[11],"widespread,":[12],"including":[13],"field":[16],"meteorology":[18],"to":[19,36,74,206,208],"support":[20],"aviation":[21],"safety.":[22],"As":[23],"an":[24],"archipelagic":[25],"country,":[26],"Indonesia":[27],"faces":[28],"significant":[29],"challenges":[30],"ensuring":[32],"flight":[33],"safety":[34],"due":[35],"unpredictable":[37],"weather":[38,69,219],"conditions,":[39],"particularly":[40],"wind":[41,100,164,184],"direction":[42,101],"and":[43,49,93,102,125,160,174,195,215],"speed,":[44,185],"which":[45],"greatly":[46],"influence":[47],"takeoff":[48],"landing":[50],"operations.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"these":[54],"challenges,":[55],"Automatic":[57],"Weather":[58],"Observing":[59],"System":[60],"(AWOS)":[61],"plays":[62],"a":[63],"crucial":[64],"role":[65],"providing":[67],"real-time":[68],"data.":[70],"This":[71,202],"study":[72],"aims":[73],"compare":[75],"performance":[77],"two":[79],"popular":[80],"models":[83],"for":[84,113,139],"time":[85],"series":[86],"data,":[87],"namely":[88],"Long":[89],"Short-Term":[90],"Memory":[91],"(LSTM)":[92],"Gated":[94],"Recurrent":[95],"Unit":[96],"(GRU),":[97],"forecasting":[99,154,220],"speed":[103],"based":[104],"on":[105],"AWOS":[106],"data":[107],"from":[108,121],"Sultan":[109],"Hasanuddin":[110],"International":[111],"Airport":[112],"period":[115],"January":[117],"2020\u2013December":[118],"2022,":[119],"obtained":[120],"National":[123],"Oceanic":[124],"Atmospheric":[126],"Administration":[127],"(NOAA)":[128],"website.":[129],"After":[130],"preprocessing,":[131],"five":[132],"out":[133],"eight":[135],"attributes":[136],"were":[137],"used":[138],"modeling.":[140],"evaluation":[142],"results":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145],"LSTM":[147,166,186],"model":[148],"consistently":[149],"outperformed":[150],"GRU":[151],"all":[153,177],"scenarios":[155],"(30":[156],"minutes,":[157],"1":[158],"hour,":[159],"1.5":[161],"hours).":[162],"For":[163,183],"direction,":[165],"achieved":[167],"MAE":[168,188],"values":[169,189],"10.92\u00b0\u201311.01\u00b0,":[171],"MSE":[172,193],"242.45\u2013247.89,":[173],"RMSE":[175,196],"15.57\u00b0\u201315.74\u00b0,":[176],"lower":[178],"than":[179],"those":[180],"GRU.":[182,201],"recorded":[187],"30.32\u201331.72":[191],"knots,":[192,198],"1868.53\u20132013.92,":[194],"43.23\u201344.88":[197],"also":[199],"outperforming":[200],"research":[203],"expected":[205],"contribute":[207],"development":[210],"risk":[212],"mitigation":[213],"systems":[214],"advancement":[217],"technology":[221],"future.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-11-01T00:00:00"}
