{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415719361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","title":"Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A narrative review","display_name":"Sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A narrative review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415719361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41255699","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12620782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738182854","display_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","issn_l":"2219-2808","issn":["2219-2808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048314510","display_name":"Narpinder Malhi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281704429","display_name":"Christiana Care Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/02h905004","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281704429"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narpinder Malhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Behavioral Health, ChristianaCare, Wilmington, DE 19899, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Behavioral Health, ChristianaCare, Wilmington, DE 19899, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281704429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073186984","display_name":"Margaret Danielle Weiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-8213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-8213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124574311","display_name":"Cambridge Health Alliance","ror":"https://ror.org/059c3mv67","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124574311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124574311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002366156","display_name":"James G. Waxmonsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-3417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-3417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Waxmonsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079707294","display_name":"Raman K. Baweja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-0643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-0643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raman Baweja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States. rbaweja@pennstatehealth.psu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States. rbaweja@pennstatehealth.psu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63813459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"110612","last_page":"110612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.8695999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.12929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-disturbance","display_name":"sleep disorders","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insomnia","display_name":"insomnia","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-onset-delay","display_name":"sleep onset delay","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excessive-daytime-sleepiness","display_name":"excessive daytime sleepiness","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-deprivation","display_name":"sleep deprivation","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-acting-stimulants","display_name":"long-acting stimulants","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-pharmacological-sleep-intervention","display_name":"non-pharmacological sleep intervention","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-assessment","display_name":"sleep assessment","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-and-adolescents","display_name":"children and adolescents","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776476923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7725","display_name":"Evening","level":2,"score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5620999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.5533000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep deprivation","level":3,"score":0.5238999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778442489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470530","display_name":"Delayed sleep phase","level":4,"score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549918","display_name":"Impulsivity","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781053850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7539763","display_name":"Sleep onset latency","level":4,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778537899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254034","display_name":"Bedtime","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992199184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267800","display_name":"Emotional regulation","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781433485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144201","display_name":"Excessive daytime sleepiness","level":4,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780937657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141192","display_name":"Sleep restriction","level":4,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738182854","display_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","issn_l":"2219-2808","issn":["2219-2808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12620782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41255699/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12620782/pdf/wjcp-14-4-110612.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World J Clin Pediatr","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11493560","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12620782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:41255699","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41255699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World journal of clinical pediatrics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i4.110612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738182854","display_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","issn_l":"2219-2808","issn":["2219-2808"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318324","display_name":"Cardinal Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03pd82777"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319328","display_name":"Children's Hospital Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05avqph76"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415719361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415719361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":150,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10589707","https://openalex.org/W74776018","https://openalex.org/W141709569","https://openalex.org/W165628920","https://openalex.org/W787395654","https://openalex.org/W1512339190","https://openalex.org/W1513119263","https://openalex.org/W1536425299","https://openalex.org/W1926028530","https://openalex.org/W1964895339","https://openalex.org/W1965736502","https://openalex.org/W1971838314","https://openalex.org/W1974635360","https://openalex.org/W1975633140","https://openalex.org/W1987129472","https://openalex.org/W1991400215","https://openalex.org/W1991476660","https://openalex.org/W1999885177","https://openalex.org/W2005699593","https://openalex.org/W2010649197","https://openalex.org/W2011013869","https://openalex.org/W2011542738","https://openalex.org/W2013974594","https://openalex.org/W2019708881","https://openalex.org/W2025801393","https://openalex.org/W2028148414","https://openalex.org/W2028620799","https://openalex.org/W2033837579","https://openalex.org/W2035942967","https://openalex.org/W2044209697","https://openalex.org/W2047116259","https://openalex.org/W2048312460","https://openalex.org/W2050231897","https://openalex.org/W2053947404","https://openalex.org/W2057849818","https://openalex.org/W2059062495","https://openalex.org/W2063621090","https://openalex.org/W2074795529","https://openalex.org/W2082873921","https://openalex.org/W2084510500","https://openalex.org/W2088267826","https://openalex.org/W2092528674","https://openalex.org/W2097713347","https://openalex.org/W2100488531","https://openalex.org/W2100980619","https://openalex.org/W2107052754","https://openalex.org/W2114290463","https://openalex.org/W2115975725","https://openalex.org/W2118728043","https://openalex.org/W2119638581","https://openalex.org/W2121891157","https://openalex.org/W2126524987","https://openalex.org/W2127217213","https://openalex.org/W2129165004","https://openalex.org/W2139855465","https://openalex.org/W2141637897","https://openalex.org/W2146590936","https://openalex.org/W2146886967","https://openalex.org/W2148713298","https://openalex.org/W2154277730","https://openalex.org/W2167572499","https://openalex.org/W2174271277","https://openalex.org/W2191017423","https://openalex.org/W2194833942","https://openalex.org/W2295557883","https://openalex.org/W2304836506","https://openalex.org/W2345409452","https://openalex.org/W2398443449","https://openalex.org/W2412468307","https://openalex.org/W2484580698","https://openalex.org/W2510287796","https://openalex.org/W2523464205","https://openalex.org/W2532407950","https://openalex.org/W2537577915","https://openalex.org/W2539104529","https://openalex.org/W2556983160","https://openalex.org/W2567092640","https://openalex.org/W2574019097","https://openalex.org/W2588484621","https://openalex.org/W2593762894","https://openalex.org/W2604703112","https://openalex.org/W2743429878","https://openalex.org/W2754706351","https://openalex.org/W2760986921","https://openalex.org/W2791299053","https://openalex.org/W2883172023","https://openalex.org/W2883441023","https://openalex.org/W2886298463","https://openalex.org/W2890445170","https://openalex.org/W2891610691","https://openalex.org/W2898796388","https://openalex.org/W2904272741","https://openalex.org/W2908333163","https://openalex.org/W2914411019","https://openalex.org/W2921137190","https://openalex.org/W2937881807","https://openalex.org/W2943237573","https://openalex.org/W2943624036","https://openalex.org/W2949677547","https://openalex.org/W2952682005","https://openalex.org/W2955205014","https://openalex.org/W2971521406","https://openalex.org/W2993087051","https://openalex.org/W3006927318","https://openalex.org/W3010697134","https://openalex.org/W3014925487","https://openalex.org/W3017016376","https://openalex.org/W3018505722","https://openalex.org/W3024648078","https://openalex.org/W3035337958","https://openalex.org/W3081236487","https://openalex.org/W3083816918","https://openalex.org/W3097789341","https://openalex.org/W3107994723","https://openalex.org/W3113921716","https://openalex.org/W3120269583","https://openalex.org/W3128855809","https://openalex.org/W3199731427","https://openalex.org/W3208215977","https://openalex.org/W3211117991","https://openalex.org/W3216258240","https://openalex.org/W4200121146","https://openalex.org/W4200126556","https://openalex.org/W4212944050","https://openalex.org/W4213383170","https://openalex.org/W4245780474","https://openalex.org/W4280607795","https://openalex.org/W4281688056","https://openalex.org/W4283021988","https://openalex.org/W4283451391","https://openalex.org/W4294847070","https://openalex.org/W4296736954","https://openalex.org/W4317926348","https://openalex.org/W4322505786","https://openalex.org/W4323921710","https://openalex.org/W4377013580","https://openalex.org/W4377013744","https://openalex.org/W4381995832","https://openalex.org/W4384407575","https://openalex.org/W4386372642","https://openalex.org/W4388850044","https://openalex.org/W4389577134","https://openalex.org/W4391813104","https://openalex.org/W4392575159","https://openalex.org/W4392721565","https://openalex.org/W4396518996","https://openalex.org/W4399194797","https://openalex.org/W4402889245","https://openalex.org/W4404708322","https://openalex.org/W4408020929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W74776018","https://openalex.org/W174368551","https://openalex.org/W7164830726","https://openalex.org/W2474658845","https://openalex.org/W2610507047","https://openalex.org/W2092528674","https://openalex.org/W2034135642","https://openalex.org/W2121891157","https://openalex.org/W2395567284","https://openalex.org/W2025890706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sleep":[0,37],"disturbances":[1],"and":[2,24,34,44,50,80,115,129,152,176],"disorders":[3,105],"are":[4],"commonly":[5],"associated":[6,106],"with":[7,11,90,107,138,157],"attention-deficit/hyperactivity":[8],"disorder":[9],"(ADHD),":[10],"affected":[12],"children":[13,137],"frequently":[14],"experiencing":[15],"delayed":[16],"sleep":[17,35,94,104,113,134,151,178],"onset,":[18],"frequent":[19],"nighttime":[20,177],"awakenings,":[21],"morning":[22],"fatigue,":[23],"excessive":[25],"daytime":[26,153,174],"sleepiness.":[27],"A":[28],"bidirectional":[29],"relationship":[30],"exists":[31],"between":[32],"ADHD":[33,68,120,159],"disturbances:":[36],"deprivation":[38],"is":[39],"linked":[40],"to":[41,54,146],"increased":[42],"inattention":[43],"emotional":[45],"dysregulation,":[46],"while":[47],"evening":[48,89],"hyperactivity":[49],"impulsivity":[51],"may":[52],"contribute":[53],"difficulty":[55],"falling":[56],"asleep.":[57],"Central":[58],"nervous":[59],"system":[60],"stimulants":[61,82],"remain":[62],"the":[63,102,117,141],"first-line":[64],"treatment":[65,169],"for":[66,112,132],"managing":[67,133],"symptoms;":[69],"however,":[70],"insomnia":[71],"can":[72],"be":[73,161],"a":[74,164],"common":[75],"side":[76],"effect.":[77],"Notably,":[78],"newer":[79],"long-acting":[81],"formulations":[83],"have":[84],"demonstrated":[85],"extended":[86],"benefit":[87],"into":[88],"limited":[91],"impact":[92,118],"on":[93,122],"in":[95,136,155],"recent":[96],"studies.":[97],"This":[98],"narrative":[99],"review":[100,142],"summarizes":[101],"various":[103],"ADHD,":[108],"outlines":[109],"clinical":[110],"approaches":[111],"assessment,":[114],"evaluates":[116],"of":[119],"treatments":[121],"sleep.":[123],"It":[124],"also":[125],"highlights":[126],"both":[127,150,173],"non-pharmacological":[128],"pharmacological":[130],"interventions":[131],"problems":[135],"ADHD.":[139,158],"Finally,":[140],"offers":[143],"practical":[144],"recommendations":[145],"help":[147],"clinicians":[148],"optimize":[149],"functioning":[154],"patients":[156],"should":[160],"conceptualized":[162],"as":[163],"24-hour":[165],"disorder,":[166],"requiring":[167],"integrated":[168],"strategies":[170],"that":[171],"address":[172],"symptoms":[175],"challenges.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}
