{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415690202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","title":"Particle size of co-composted biochar: Influence on growth performance of lettuce and concentration of bioavailable soil nutrients under salinity stress conditions","display_name":"Particle size of co-composted biochar: Influence on growth performance of lettuce and concentration of bioavailable soil nutrients under salinity stress conditions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415690202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","pdf_url":"https://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJB-V20-No3-p16-28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228880","display_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","issn_l":"2220-6655","issn":["2220-6655","2222-5234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJB-V20-No3-p16-28.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003870126","display_name":"Arifa Malik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20561161","display_name":"University of Balochistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04bf33n91","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arifa Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048167997","display_name":"Shamim Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-355X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-355X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20561161","display_name":"University of Balochistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04bf33n91","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shamim Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany , University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan","Department of Natural Resource Sciences , McGill University , Quebec , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany , University of Balochistan , Quetta , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20561161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Natural Resource Sciences , McGill University , Quebec , Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024483843","display_name":"Abdul Hanan Buriro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Hanan Buriro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045331703","display_name":"Hidayatullah Kakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-686X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-686X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidayatullah Kakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural research Institute , Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural research Institute , Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017318256","display_name":"Tariq Ziad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5172-2446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5172-2446"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Ziad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural research Institute , Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural research Institute , Quetta , Balochistan , Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048167997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20561161","https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1252,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36665987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.5605000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.10029999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-composting","display_name":"co-composting","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size","display_name":"particle size","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lettuce","display_name":"lettuce","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-stress","display_name":"salt stress","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-stress","display_name":"drought stress","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-manure","display_name":"cattle manure","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-manure","display_name":"poultry manure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-use-efficiency","display_name":"phosphorus use efficiency","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olsen-phosphorus","display_name":"Olsen phosphorus","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-biomass","display_name":"root biomass","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-cycle","display_name":"phosphorus cycling","score":0.8360000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779184190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269627","display_name":"Amendment","level":2,"score":0.9081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780119549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12054746","display_name":"Chicken manure","level":3,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510538283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674","display_name":"Phosphorus","level":2,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4422000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141650431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754836","display_name":"Soil salinity","level":3,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162902727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2842710","display_name":"Soil conditioner","level":3,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181389837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461809","display_name":"Bioavailability","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198072978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565649","display_name":"Soil pH","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181733430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11107732","display_name":"Slash-and-char","level":4,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","pdf_url":"https://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJB-V20-No3-p16-28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228880","display_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","issn_l":"2220-6655","issn":["2220-6655","2222-5234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0337.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0337.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202201.0337.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202201.0337/v1/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/20.3.16-28","pdf_url":"https://innspub.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/IJB-V20-No3-p16-28.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228880","display_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","issn_l":"2220-6655","issn":["2220-6655","2222-5234"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8409000039100647,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415690202.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415690202.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1066133328","https://openalex.org/W1936373595","https://openalex.org/W1985388258","https://openalex.org/W2037893757","https://openalex.org/W2041150801","https://openalex.org/W2043896643","https://openalex.org/W2059143869","https://openalex.org/W2061657754","https://openalex.org/W2122942514","https://openalex.org/W2256298965","https://openalex.org/W2409219597","https://openalex.org/W2414216137","https://openalex.org/W2419001935","https://openalex.org/W2508171847","https://openalex.org/W2740687397","https://openalex.org/W2755442354","https://openalex.org/W2759726389","https://openalex.org/W2766130505","https://openalex.org/W2800737001","https://openalex.org/W2890648565","https://openalex.org/W2896863742","https://openalex.org/W2902282542","https://openalex.org/W2908160114","https://openalex.org/W2949800008","https://openalex.org/W2952327164","https://openalex.org/W2954547816","https://openalex.org/W2954650627","https://openalex.org/W2971569609","https://openalex.org/W2989771556","https://openalex.org/W3003337720","https://openalex.org/W3036912584","https://openalex.org/W3037036945","https://openalex.org/W3049118180","https://openalex.org/W3091850966","https://openalex.org/W3096395794","https://openalex.org/W3121451364","https://openalex.org/W3159875556","https://openalex.org/W3160579102","https://openalex.org/W3174253102","https://openalex.org/W3185137361","https://openalex.org/W3198220514","https://openalex.org/W3206083068","https://openalex.org/W4205783512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4207081888","https://openalex.org/W4377103230","https://openalex.org/W4407263951","https://openalex.org/W2911540809","https://openalex.org/W2604825933","https://openalex.org/W3118504359","https://openalex.org/W4285155150","https://openalex.org/W2316783464","https://openalex.org/W2943447888","https://openalex.org/W4290667567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"pot-based":[1],"study":[2],"investigated":[3],"the":[4,35,61,145,190,216,224,239],"influence":[5],"of":[6,21,39,42,63,65,83,109,120,195,209,218,226,233,241],"co-composted":[7,33,110,137,148,158,162,185,201,211,228,236],"wood-derived":[8],"biochar":[9,66,111,121,138,149,163,186,202,212,237],"on":[10],"lettuce":[11,196,248],"growth":[12,102],"performance":[13,103],"under":[14,91,107,179,203],"salinity":[15,243],"and":[16,28,44,53,85,90,93,112,122,244,249],"drought":[17,76,245],"stress":[18,115,133,181,205,246],"conditions.":[19,182],"Biochar":[20],"two":[22],"particle":[23],"sizes;":[24],">":[25],"2":[26],"mm":[27,31],"<":[29],"1":[30],"were":[32,49,72],"with":[34,67],"mixture":[36,64,119],"(1:1":[37],"ratio":[38],"dry":[40],"weight)":[41],"cow":[43],"poultry":[45],"manures.":[46],"Co-composted":[47],"biochars":[48],"applied":[50,125],"at":[51,150,164],"5%":[52],"7%":[54],"rates":[55,167],"in":[56,69,221,247,253],"soil.":[57,70,254],"Control":[58],"treatments":[59,108],"included":[60],"amendment":[62,187,208,225,232],"manure":[68,123],"Pots":[71],"subjected":[73],"to":[74,126,156],"slight":[75],"(48-55%":[77],"water":[78],"filled":[79],"pore":[80],"space":[81],"(WFPS)":[82],"soil)":[84],"non-drought":[86],"conditions":[87],"(60%":[88],"WFPS)":[89],"0":[92],"1.3":[94],"dS":[95],"m-1":[96],"salinity.":[97],"Results":[98],"revealed":[99],"that":[100],"plants":[101],"was":[104,124],"significantly":[105,215],"better":[106],"no":[113,132,204],"salt":[114],"conditions,":[116],"than":[117,144,198,223],"when":[118],"soil":[127,222],"as":[128],"non-composted":[129],"fertilizer.":[130],"Under":[131],"condition,":[134],"small":[135,160,234],"particle-sized":[136,147,184,200,235],"increased":[139,168,189,214],"root":[140,169],"biomass":[141,170,178],"by":[142,171],"786.2%":[143],"large":[146,199],"same":[151],"application":[152,166],"rate.":[153],"As":[154],"compared":[155],"large-sized":[157],"biochar,":[159],"sized":[161],"high":[165],"167":[172],"\u2013":[173],"245%":[174],"but":[175],"not":[176],"leaf":[177],"both":[180],"Small":[183],"also":[188,213],"phosphorus":[191,220],"use":[192],"efficiency":[193],"(PUE)":[194],"leaves":[197],"condition.":[206],"The":[207],"small-sized":[210],"concentration":[217],"Olsen":[219],"large-particle-sized":[227],"biochar.":[229],"In":[230],"conclusion,":[231],"has":[238],"potential":[240],"attenuating":[242],"promoting":[250],"P":[251],"cycling":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}