{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415652103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","title":"Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Street Food Vendors and Microbiological Quality of Selected Street Foods in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia","display_name":"Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Street Food Vendors and Microbiological Quality of Selected Street Foods in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415652103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7958922/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7958922/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nurhussen Osman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurhussen Osman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087568751","display_name":"Demewez Moges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-4341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4541-4341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demewez Moges\u00b9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115843508","display_name":"Takele Ayanaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-682X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-682X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57092466","display_name":"Bahir Dar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01670bg46","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takele Ayanaw\u00b9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57092466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14324","display_name":"Insects and Parasite Interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-food","display_name":"street food","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-vendors","display_name":"food vendors","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-hygiene-practices","display_name":"food hygiene practices","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety-knowledge","display_name":"food safety knowledge","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-contamination","display_name":"microbial contamination","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salmonella","display_name":"Salmonella","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-coliforms","display_name":"total coliforms","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yeast-and-mold","display_name":"molds and yeasts","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fried-fish","display_name":"fried fish","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"CHIP","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foodborne-illness","display_name":"food poisoning","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bahir-dar","display_name":"Bahir Dar","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.7566999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.7404999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781065037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150839","display_name":"Salmonella","level":3,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992475876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food hygiene","level":3,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88199923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627371","display_name":"Food processing","level":2,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776876274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272002","display_name":"Food poisoning","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74139830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25380418","display_name":"Food packaging","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58684123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810993","display_name":"Food microbiology","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909271431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Contaminated food","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019613579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Personal hygiene","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51592225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2498665","display_name":"Food quality","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7958922/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7958922/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-7958922/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415652103.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415652103.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529722840","https://openalex.org/W1540378334","https://openalex.org/W1984853413","https://openalex.org/W2010242607","https://openalex.org/W2034063564","https://openalex.org/W2158990330","https://openalex.org/W2346991215","https://openalex.org/W2605965788","https://openalex.org/W2751712252","https://openalex.org/W2795964016","https://openalex.org/W2970328276","https://openalex.org/W3004957571","https://openalex.org/W3100135593","https://openalex.org/W3127847512","https://openalex.org/W4214651952","https://openalex.org/W4226197657","https://openalex.org/W4285084514","https://openalex.org/W4362511280","https://openalex.org/W4386699406","https://openalex.org/W4393091032","https://openalex.org/W4405958157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322730828","https://openalex.org/W4415427342","https://openalex.org/W7212002454","https://openalex.org/W2605965788","https://openalex.org/W3115583860","https://openalex.org/W1730464919","https://openalex.org/W7168045420","https://openalex.org/W7204231112","https://openalex.org/W7165745713","https://openalex.org/W4309769930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Street":[1],"foods":[2,179],"provide":[3],"affordable":[4],"meals":[5],"and":[6,52,65,77,79,93,111,118,134,172,193,205,216],"income":[7],"opportunities":[8],"in":[9,126,131,169,180,224],"Ethiopian":[10],"cities":[11],"but":[12],"are":[13,209],"often":[14],"prepared":[15],"under":[16],"unhygienic":[17],"conditions,":[18],"posing":[19],"serious":[20],"foodborne":[21,222],"disease":[22],"risks.":[23],"This":[24],"study":[25],"assessed":[26],"food":[27,35,58,90,153,214],"safety":[28,91,106,215],"parameters":[29],"among":[30,152],"160":[31],"randomly":[32],"selected":[33],"street":[34],"vendors":[36,87],"across":[37],"five":[38,56],"sub-cities":[39],"of":[40,55,86,128,221],"Bahir":[41,181,225],"Dar,":[42,226],"Ethiopia.":[43,227],"Data":[44],"were":[45,69,96],"collected":[46],"using":[47],"structured":[48],"questionnaires,":[49],"observational":[50],"checklists,":[51],"microbiological":[53],"analyses":[54],"common":[57],"types:":[59],"fried":[60,109,132,170],"fish,":[61],"sambussa,":[62],"bonbolino,":[63],"ambasha,":[64],"chips.":[66,135,173],"Standard":[67],"procedures":[68],"applied":[70],"to":[71,80,189,212],"enumerate":[72],"coliforms,":[73],"Staphylococcus":[74],"aureus,":[75],"yeasts,":[76],"molds,":[78],"detect":[81],"Salmonella":[82,122],"spp.":[83,123],"Over":[84],"90%":[85],"demonstrated":[88],"inadequate":[89],"knowledge,":[92],"hygiene":[94,143],"practices":[95],"generally":[97],"poor.":[98],"Microbiological":[99],"analysis":[100],"revealed":[101],"contamination":[102,167,192],"levels":[103,149],"exceeding":[104],"WHO/FAO":[105],"limits,":[107],"with":[108,142,158],"fish":[110,133,171],"chips":[112],"showing":[113],"the":[114,218],"highest":[115],"total":[116],"coliform":[117],"S.":[119],"aureus":[120],"counts.":[121],"was":[124,139],"detected":[125],"21.9%":[127],"samples,":[129],"primarily":[130],"Vendor":[136],"education":[137],"level":[138],"significantly":[140,151],"associated":[141],"behavior":[144],"(p":[145,155],"=":[146,163],"0.007).":[147],"Contamination":[148],"varied":[150],"types":[154],"<":[156],"0.05),":[157],"relative":[159],"risk":[160],"values":[161],"(RR":[162],"0.94\u20130.66)":[164],"confirming":[165],"higher":[166],"likelihood":[168],"The":[174],"findings":[175],"indicate":[176],"that":[177],"street-vended":[178],"Dar":[182],"pose":[183],"major":[184],"public":[185],"health":[186],"concerns":[187],"due":[188],"widespread":[190],"microbial":[191],"poor":[194],"vendor":[195,200],"practices.":[196],"Targeted":[197],"interventions,":[198],"including":[199],"training,":[201],"licensing,":[202],"improved":[203],"infrastructure,":[204],"stricter":[206],"regulatory":[207],"control,":[208],"urgently":[210],"needed":[211],"enhance":[213],"reduce":[217],"urban":[219],"burden":[220],"diseases":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-29T00:00:00"}