{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415613637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","title":"CARBURIZING OF Zr-1Nb ALLOY IN A CARBON-CONTAINING GAS ENVIRONMENT: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE MODIFIED SURFACE LAYER","display_name":"CARBURIZING OF Zr-1Nb ALLOY IN A CARBON-CONTAINING GAS ENVIRONMENT: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE MODIFIED SURFACE LAYER","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415613637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46813/2025-159-084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073373587","display_name":"V. S. Trush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-3918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2264-3918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119943","display_name":"G.V. Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3yx22","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98435010","display_name":"Lviv Polytechnic National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0542q3127","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.S. Trush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;","Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066575876","display_name":"\u041f. \u0418. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-5850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7942-5850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799905109","display_name":"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00183pc12","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.I. Stoev","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011068518","display_name":"\u041c.\u041c. Pylypenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-8578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-8578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799905109","display_name":"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00183pc12","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.M. Pylypenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112945359","display_name":"Iryna Pohrelyuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-2829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-2829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119943","display_name":"G.V. Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3yx22","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I.M. Pohrelyuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034186396","display_name":"\u041c.\u0410. Tikhonovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-0366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-0366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799905109","display_name":"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00183pc12","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Tikhonovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Center \"Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology\" , Kharkiv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799905109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055097364","display_name":"A. G. Luk\u2019yanenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6642-2300"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.G. Luk\u2019yanenko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070213774","display_name":"K. V. Trush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1512-5412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1512-5412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24402780","display_name":"Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/0027cag10","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24402780"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.V. Trush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24402780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065025657","display_name":"Vitaliy Korendiy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-3013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-3013"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98435010","display_name":"Lviv Polytechnic National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0542q3127","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.M. Korendiy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065391090","display_name":"V. \u041c. Fedirko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-1691","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4337-1691"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119943","display_name":"G.V. Karpenko Physical-Mechanical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv3yx22","country_code":"UA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149851306","https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.M. Fedirko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071514449","display_name":"Oleh Kotsiumbas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98435010","display_name":"Lviv Polytechnic National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0542q3127","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.J. Kotsiumbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077179376","display_name":"Roman Pelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-8931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-8931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98435010","display_name":"Lviv Polytechnic National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0542q3127","country_code":"UA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}],"countries":["UA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.A. Pelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lviv Polytechnic National University , Lviv , Ukraine;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98435010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.262,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38925443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"84","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13470","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Coatings","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12106","display_name":"Surface Treatment and Residual Stress","score":0.11670000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11242","display_name":"Nuclear Materials and Properties","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zr-1nb-alloy","display_name":"Zr-1Nb alloy","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carburization","display_name":"carburizing","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-saturation","display_name":"carbon saturation","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-layer-structure","display_name":"surface layer structure","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microhardness-gradient","display_name":"microhardness gradient","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-hardening","display_name":"surface hardening","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zirconium-alloys","display_name":"zirconium alloys","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-carburizing","display_name":"gas carburizing","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-treatment-parameters","display_name":"heat treatment parameters","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778764699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759800","display_name":"Carburizing","level":2,"score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165720898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150000","display_name":"Indentation hardness","level":3,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7207000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.7084000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44255700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978423","display_name":"Hardening (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197751951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046363","display_name":"Surface layer","level":3,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.41449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776631189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128169","display_name":"Metallography","level":3,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137581009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1205902","display_name":"Case hardening","level":3,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42698342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236003","display_name":"Hardness","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776801850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267785","display_name":"Carbonitriding","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776704300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501203","display_name":"Work hardening","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986668306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908630","display_name":"Nickel alloy","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46813/2025-159-084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46813/2025-159-084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.46813/2025-159-084","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Problems of Atomic Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415613637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415613637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123556376","https://openalex.org/W2028898004","https://openalex.org/W2058120762","https://openalex.org/W2112167385","https://openalex.org/W2520478809","https://openalex.org/W2606666595","https://openalex.org/W2610925833","https://openalex.org/W2895033696","https://openalex.org/W2898874466","https://openalex.org/W2911485536","https://openalex.org/W2952044757","https://openalex.org/W2998959910","https://openalex.org/W3214528244","https://openalex.org/W4308406446","https://openalex.org/W4318203682","https://openalex.org/W4409460134","https://openalex.org/W4411209936","https://openalex.org/W4413164775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409460134","https://openalex.org/W4416191312","https://openalex.org/W3021703395","https://openalex.org/W2357826130","https://openalex.org/W3214528244","https://openalex.org/W4400308471","https://openalex.org/W2765848327","https://openalex.org/W4245261853","https://openalex.org/W7171994804","https://openalex.org/W2410077597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,14,19,40],"effect":[4],"of":[5,18,22,39],"carbon":[6],"saturation":[7],"in":[8],"a":[9],"controlled":[10],"gas":[11],"environment":[12],"on":[13],"structure":[15],"and":[16,28,37,56],"microhardness":[17,41],"surface":[20,54],"layers":[21],"Zr-1Nb":[23],"alloy.":[24],"Durometric,":[25],"X-ray":[26],"diffraction":[27],"metallographic":[29],"analyses":[30],"provide":[31,45],"data":[32,46],"necessary":[33],"for":[34,47],"quality":[35],"control":[36],"prediction":[38],"gradient.":[42],"The":[43],"results":[44],"optimization":[48],"processing":[49],"parameters":[50],"to":[51],"achieve":[52],"reliable":[53],"hardening":[55],"ensure":[57],"high":[58],"operational":[59],"characteristics.":[60]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}
