{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415549327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","title":"Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort: A Substudy of the NIH THYROID-HD Trial","display_name":"Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort: A Substudy of the NIH THYROID-HD Trial","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415549327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104303523","display_name":"Seungsook You","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungsook You","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177607063","display_name":"The Lundquist Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025j2nd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012817206","display_name":"Anuja Pradip Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3720-5040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3720-5040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177607063","display_name":"The Lundquist Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025j2nd68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuja P. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177607063"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104303671","display_name":"Andrea C. Daza Aguilar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea C. Daza Aguilar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057070330","display_name":"Yoko Narasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-3803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-3803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoko Narasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055319271","display_name":"Danh V. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-8239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-8239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danh V. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044034699","display_name":"Connie M. Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connie Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35966218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10S","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13452","display_name":"GDF15 and Related Biomarkers","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13452","display_name":"GDF15 and Related Biomarkers","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-differentiation-factor-15","display_name":"growth differentiation factor 15","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-calcification","display_name":"coronary artery calcification","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemodialysis","display_name":"hemodialysis","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-renal-disease","display_name":"end-stage renal disease","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-biomarkers","display_name":"cardiovascular biomarkers","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subclinical-hypothyroidism","display_name":"subclinical hypothyroidism","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-stimulating-hormone","display_name":"thyroid-stimulating hormone","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agatston-score","display_name":"Agatston score","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8655999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.6963000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778063415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391744","display_name":"Hemodialysis","level":2,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4715000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933382","display_name":"Calcification","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776820930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9655","display_name":"Artery","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019004856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297149","display_name":"Coronary angiography","level":3,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136935669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14912150","display_name":"GDF15","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775960820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408378","display_name":"Growth factor","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775981168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239027","display_name":"Calcinosis","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777604165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503643","display_name":"Brachial artery","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025wa2dfk79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204084868","https://openalex.org/W7215705364","https://openalex.org/W69092498","https://openalex.org/W2123080546","https://openalex.org/W4381683396","https://openalex.org/W4412745431","https://openalex.org/W4210866250","https://openalex.org/W4385619725","https://openalex.org/W4391896216","https://openalex.org/W2298381155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"In":[1,77,189],"the":[2,14,57,81,88,106,146,196,216],"general":[3],"population,":[4],"Growth":[5],"differentiation":[6],"factor":[7],"15":[8],"(GDF15)":[9],"is":[10,20,212,225],"a":[11,72,78,155,190],"protein":[12,18],"in":[13,52,71,112,145,162,236],"transforming":[15],"growth":[16],"factor-\u03b2":[17],"that":[19,42],"potently":[21],"upregulated":[22],"by":[23,65,220],"vascular":[24],"smooth":[25],"muscle":[26],"cells":[27],"and":[28,33,117,127,141,165,179,183],"cardiomyocytes":[29],"following":[30],"injury,":[31],"ischemia,":[32],"other":[34],"forms":[35],"of":[36,59,80,90,109,158,192],"oxidative/metabolic":[37],"stress.":[38],"Emerging":[39],"data":[40],"suggest":[41],"circulating":[43,229],"GDF15":[44,69,100,142,160,208,230],"levels":[45,70,101,122,161],"are":[46],"associated":[47,204],"with":[48,68,97,115,205,227],"higher":[49,156,200,228],"death":[50],"risk":[51],"ESKD":[53],"patients.":[54],"We":[55],"examined":[56,87],"relationship":[58],"coronary":[60],"artery":[61],"calcification":[62],"(CAC)":[63],"measured":[64],"cardiac":[66],"CT":[67],"prospective":[73],"HD":[74,113,135,193],"cohort.":[75],"Methods:":[76],"substudy":[79],"multi-center":[82],"NIH":[83,197],"THYROID-HD":[84,198],"Trial,":[85,199],"we":[86],"association":[89],"CAC":[91,140,148,201,223],"Agatston":[92,149],"score":[93,150],"(categorized":[94],"as":[95,103,231],"tertiles)":[96],"elevated":[98,159,206],"serum":[99,207],"(defined":[102],"greater":[104,222],"than":[105],"1st":[107],"tertile":[108,151],"observed":[110],"values)":[111],"patients":[114,136,194],"low-normal":[116],"subclinical":[118],"hypothyroid":[119],"range":[120],"TSH":[121],"(>3.0-10.0mIU/L)":[123],"using":[124],"unadjusted,":[125,163],"case-mix,":[126,164],"expanded":[128,166],"case-mix":[129,167],"logistic":[130],"regression.":[131],"Results:":[132],"Among":[133],"190":[134],"who":[137],"underwent":[138],"baseline":[139],"measurements,":[143],"those":[144],"highest":[147],"(Tertile":[152],"3)":[153],"had":[154],"likelihood":[157],"adjusted":[168,173],"analyses":[169],"(ref:":[170],"Tertile":[171],"1):":[172],"ORs":[174],"(95%CIs)":[175],"5.30":[176],"(2.30,":[177],"12.21)":[178],"3.69":[180],"(1.52,":[181],"8.97),":[182],"3.83":[184],"(1.56,":[185],"9.39),":[186],"respectively.":[187],"Conclusion:":[188],"subcohort":[191],"from":[195],"scores":[202],"were":[203],"levels.":[209],"Further":[210],"research":[211],"needed":[213],"to":[214],"determine":[215],"underlying":[217],"mechanistic":[218],"pathways":[219],"which":[221],"burden":[224],"linked":[226],"an":[232],"adverse":[233],"cardiovascular":[234],"biomarker":[235],"ESKD.":[237],"Funding:":[238],"NIDDK":[239],"Support":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-25T00:00:00"}
