{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415535878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","title":"A review of arc in open air modeling: Fundamental concepts, influential parameters, modeling, and software implementation","display_name":"A review of arc in open air modeling: Fundamental concepts, influential parameters, modeling, and software implementation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415535878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046868269","display_name":"Mahyar Abasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-6803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-6803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35510649","display_name":"Arak University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngrq502","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahyar Abasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","Research Institute of Renewable Energy, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-6803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Renewable Energy, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120131046","display_name":"Ali Rahmatifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4656-909X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4656-909X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35510649","display_name":"Arak University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngrq502","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Rahmatifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4656-909X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032255728","display_name":"Ali Asghar Ghadimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-2221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-2221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35510649","display_name":"Arak University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ngrq502","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Asghar Ghadimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","Research Institute of Renewable Energy, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-2221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Renewable Energy, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046868269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35510649"],"apc_list":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"apc_paid":{"value":1940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1940},"fwci":0.8174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63266129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"107897","last_page":"107897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-modeling","display_name":"arc modeling","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line-faults","display_name":"transmission line faults","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-extinction","display_name":"arc interruption","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-arc","display_name":"secondary arc","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-voltage","display_name":"recovery voltage","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulation-recovery","display_name":"insulation recovery","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-reignition","display_name":"arc reignition","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-time","display_name":"dead time","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-probability","display_name":"recovery probability","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-analysis","display_name":"transient analysis","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"power system protection","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead-lines","display_name":"overhead lines","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiphysics-simulation","display_name":"multiphysics simulation","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-driven-modeling","display_name":"data-driven modeling","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114375839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207456","display_name":"Electric arc","level":3,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92018576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3242194","display_name":"Power transmission","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200769187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656","display_name":"Arc flash","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910560433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3587621","display_name":"Electrocution","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113608303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056835","display_name":"Transmission system","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c7b219969860445a8be7dda6f3524941","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c7b219969860445a8be7dda6f3524941","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering, Vol 28, Iss , Pp 107897- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226253","display_name":"Results in Engineering","issn_l":"2590-1230","issn":["2590-1230"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Results in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986522331","https://openalex.org/W1996194715","https://openalex.org/W1996327779","https://openalex.org/W1998813716","https://openalex.org/W2014555884","https://openalex.org/W2015561689","https://openalex.org/W2027414520","https://openalex.org/W2029652003","https://openalex.org/W2046905854","https://openalex.org/W2053832824","https://openalex.org/W2056813974","https://openalex.org/W2074861242","https://openalex.org/W2088353566","https://openalex.org/W2121302592","https://openalex.org/W2127389410","https://openalex.org/W2146458875","https://openalex.org/W2163373876","https://openalex.org/W2339326678","https://openalex.org/W3005704934","https://openalex.org/W3006360573","https://openalex.org/W4232245363","https://openalex.org/W4234415291","https://openalex.org/W4320169605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982750445","https://openalex.org/W2146748174","https://openalex.org/W4391129110","https://openalex.org/W2016254285","https://openalex.org/W4388016279","https://openalex.org/W1972216932","https://openalex.org/W3030323329","https://openalex.org/W2400750541","https://openalex.org/W7205004898","https://openalex.org/W1993835563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"electrical":[1],"arc":[2,57,70,114,156,168,177,202,272,284,370],"in":[3,16,35,208,215,242,257,276,373],"open":[4],"air":[5],"(EAOA)":[6],"represents":[7],"one":[8],"of":[9,51,56,91,102,119,144,183,192,198,255,306,316,322,364,369,380,392],"the":[10,54,89,196,205,209,252,301,314,339,361,389],"most":[11],"complex":[12],"and":[13,28,40,66,76,84,93,137,159,176,186,204,218,232,260,288,290,303,308,319,346,360,376],"critical":[14],"phenomena":[15],"power":[17,323,394],"systems,":[18],"whose":[19],"occurrence":[20],"on":[21,166,201],"transmission":[22],"lines":[23,259],"directly":[24],"affects":[25],"network":[26],"reliability":[27],"stability":[29],"while":[30],"playing":[31],"a":[32,74,110,270,277,327,331],"decisive":[33],"role":[34],"insulation":[36,174],"design,":[37],"protection":[38,317],"strategies,":[39],"single-phase":[41],"reclosing":[42],"timing.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45,337],"reviews":[46],"more":[47],"than":[48],"seven":[49],"decades":[50],"research,":[52],"tracing":[53],"evolution":[55],"modeling":[58,371],"from":[59,229,263],"simple":[60],"voltage\u2013current":[61,130,226,291],"descriptions":[62],"to":[63,108,151,154,250,265,313,387],"advanced":[64,138,190],"multi-dimensional":[65],"multi-physics":[67,377],"frameworks.":[68,141],"The":[69,116,189,367],"is":[71,105,121,146,164,274],"recognized":[72],"as":[73],"nonlinear":[75,302],"multi-factor":[77],"phenomenon":[78],"involving":[79],"coupled":[80,140],"electrical,":[81],"thermal,":[82],"mechanical,":[83],"stochastic":[85],"interactions,":[86],"which":[87,170],"necessitates":[88],"use":[90],"hybrid":[92],"data-driven":[94],"models":[95,120,145,194],"for":[96,113,173,237],"accurate":[97,181],"analysis.":[98],"A":[99],"structured":[100],"set":[101],"fundamental":[103],"concepts":[104],"first":[106],"introduced":[107],"establish":[109],"unified":[111],"foundation":[112],"studies.":[115],"historical":[117],"development":[118],"then":[122],"reviewed":[123],"within":[124],"several":[125],"key":[126],"categories,":[127],"including":[128,283,353],"static":[129],"models,":[131,134,136,169],"dynamic":[132],"conductivity":[133],"recovery-voltage-based":[135],"electromechanical":[139],"Each":[142],"group":[143],"analytically":[147],"examined":[148],"with":[149,281,330,384],"respect":[150],"its":[152],"ability":[153],"reproduce":[155,300],"extinction,":[157],"stability,":[158],"recovery":[160,175,187,199],"behavior.":[161],"Particular":[162],"emphasis":[163],"placed":[165],"secondary":[167],"simultaneously":[171],"account":[172],"elongation,":[178],"thereby":[179],"enabling":[180],"evaluation":[182],"dead":[184],"times":[185],"probabilities.":[188],"versions":[191],"these":[193],"incorporate":[195],"dependence":[197],"voltage":[200],"history":[203],"stored":[206],"energy":[207],"ionized":[210],"channel,":[211],"providing":[212],"unprecedented":[213],"accuracy":[214,383],"estimating":[216],"extinction":[217],"reignition":[219],"processes.":[220],"Global":[221],"experience":[222],"confirms":[223],"that":[224],"valid":[225],"data":[227],"obtained":[228],"both":[230],"field":[231],"laboratory":[233],"tests":[234],"are":[235],"indispensable":[236],"reliable":[238,390],"model":[239,273],"calibration.":[240],"Advances":[241],"transient":[243,304],"analysis":[244],"software":[245],"have":[246],"made":[247],"it":[248],"possible":[249],"reconstruct":[251],"detailed":[253],"behavior":[254,305],"arcs":[256,307],"overhead":[258],"high-voltage":[261],"equipment":[262],"ignition":[264],"extinction.":[266],"To":[267],"demonstrate":[268],"this,":[269],"representative":[271],"implemented":[275],"digital":[278],"simulation":[279],"environment,":[280],"results":[282,294],"voltage,":[285],"instantaneous":[286],"resistance":[287],"conductivity,":[289],"cyclograms.":[292],"These":[293],"illustrate":[295],"how":[296,309],"mathematical":[297],"formulations":[298],"can":[299],"such":[310],"simulations":[311],"contribute":[312],"design":[315],"systems":[318],"performance":[320],"assessment":[321],"networks.":[324],"By":[325],"combining":[326],"comprehensive":[328],"review":[329],"practical":[332],"numerical":[333],"case":[334],"study,":[335],"this":[336],"bridges":[338],"gap":[340],"between":[341],"theoretical":[342],"foundations,":[343],"experimental":[344],"evidence,":[345],"software-based":[347],"simulation.":[348],"Nevertheless,":[349],"significant":[350],"challenges":[351],"remain,":[352],"strong":[354],"environmental":[355],"dependence,":[356],"continual":[357],"calibration":[358],"requirements,":[359],"computational":[362],"burden":[363],"high-fidelity":[365],"models.":[366],"future":[368],"lies":[372],"adaptive,":[374],"data-driven,":[375],"approaches":[378],"capable":[379],"merging":[381],"laboratory-level":[382],"engineering-level":[385],"efficiency":[386],"support":[388],"operation":[391],"modern":[393],"systems.":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2025-10-25T00:00:00"}
