{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415480997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","title":"Comparison of serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism in leprosy patients with and without trophic ulcers: protocol for a case-control study","display_name":"Comparison of serum vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism in leprosy patients with and without trophic ulcers: protocol for a case-control study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415480997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031522826","display_name":"Paulus Anthony Halim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155152","display_name":"Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo","ror":"https://ror.org/05am7x020","country_code":"ID","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paulus Anthony Halim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sondang P. Sirait","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155152","display_name":"Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo","ror":"https://ror.org/05am7x020","country_code":"ID","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sondang P. Sirait","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112265643","display_name":"Eliza Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-3435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-3435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155152","display_name":"Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo","ror":"https://ror.org/05am7x020","country_code":"ID","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eliza Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041801303","display_name":"Yulia Ariani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-8530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-8530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Ariani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430","Human Genetic Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Genetic Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089373570","display_name":"Wresti Indriatmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-992X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-992X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29617571","display_name":"University of Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29617571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155152","display_name":"Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo","ror":"https://ror.org/05am7x020","country_code":"ID","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wresti Indriatmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4210155152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065736949","display_name":"Hok Bing Thio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-4281","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-4281"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801952686","display_name":"Erasmus MC","ror":"https://ror.org/018906e22","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hok Bing Thio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031522826","https://openalex.org/A5041801303","https://openalex.org/A5065736949","https://openalex.org/A5089373570","https://openalex.org/A5112265643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801952686","https://openalex.org/I29617571","https://openalex.org/I4210155152"],"apc_list":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"apc_paid":{"value":1350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1350},"fwci":0.7299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7412565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"57","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy","display_name":"leprosy","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trophic-ulcers","display_name":"trophic ulcers","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-receptor-gene","display_name":"vitamin D receptor gene","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foki-polymorphism","display_name":"FokI polymorphism","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-susceptibility","display_name":"genetic susceptibility","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"personalized medicine","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36956","display_name":"Leprosy","level":2,"score":0.8847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781308329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986838","display_name":"FokI","level":5,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779437838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784782","display_name":"Venereology","level":2,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179639408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417057","display_name":"Calcitriol receptor","level":3,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149737253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240252","display_name":"Polymorphism (computer science)","level":4,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76252995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395645","display_name":"Gene polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31467283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912147","display_name":"Genotyping","level":4,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190139176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598976","display_name":"Medical microbiology","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.157869.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239046","display_name":"F1000Research","issn_l":"2046-1402","issn":["2046-1402"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320357","host_organization_name":"Faculty of 1000","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320357","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of 1000","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"F1000Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323819","display_name":"Universitas Indonesia","ror":"https://ror.org/0116zj450"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1134684276","https://openalex.org/W2004559426","https://openalex.org/W2027577550","https://openalex.org/W2118094114","https://openalex.org/W2140830059","https://openalex.org/W2151022701","https://openalex.org/W2159457557","https://openalex.org/W2236041552","https://openalex.org/W2339769241","https://openalex.org/W2397929684","https://openalex.org/W2464422420","https://openalex.org/W2511508063","https://openalex.org/W2554156971","https://openalex.org/W2774592753","https://openalex.org/W2803566043","https://openalex.org/W2975419332","https://openalex.org/W3004668452","https://openalex.org/W3037108179","https://openalex.org/W3081579878","https://openalex.org/W3130082814","https://openalex.org/W3213340569","https://openalex.org/W4200081488","https://openalex.org/W4205870748","https://openalex.org/W4313001512","https://openalex.org/W4316673002"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Leprosy,":[1],"or":[2,251],"Hansen\u2019s":[3],"disease,":[4],"is":[5,147],"a":[6,140],"chronic":[7],"infectious":[8],"disease":[9],"that":[10],"primarily":[11],"affects":[12],"the":[13,42,57,66,86,106,178,196,220,224,227,232,260],"skin":[14],"and":[15,32,65,77,80,108,128,143,165,180,189,202],"peripheral":[16],"nervous":[17],"system,":[18],"often":[19],"leading":[20],"to":[21,55,81,176,206,242],"disabilities,":[22],"including":[23],"trophic":[24],"ulcers":[25],"(TU).":[26],"The":[27,213],"role":[28,225],"of":[29,44,68,88,160,215,223,226,234,262],"vitamin":[30,33,228,248],"D":[31,34,62,229,249],"receptor":[35],"(":[36],"VDR":[37,69],")":[38],"gene":[39,70],"polymorphisms":[40],"in":[41,59,116,186,192,231],"development":[43,233],"TU":[45,235,263],"among":[46,236,264],"leprosy":[47,74,103,237,265],"patients":[48,75,104],"remain":[49],"unclear.":[50],"Objective":[51],"This":[52,91,239],"study":[53,99,217],"aims":[54],"investigate":[56],"differences":[58,179],"serum":[60],"25-hydroxyvitamin":[61],"[25(OH)D]":[63],"levels":[64,135],"frequency":[67],"FokI":[71,144],"polymorphism":[72,145,155],"between":[73],"with":[76,85,126],"without":[78,131],"TU,":[79],"evaluate":[82,177],"their":[83],"association":[84],"occurrence":[87],"TU.":[89],"Methods":[90],"Institutional":[92],"Review":[93],"Board-approved,":[94],"single-center,":[95],"observational,":[96],"analytic":[97],"case-control":[98],"will":[100,120,136,168,173,218],"enroll":[101],"adult":[102],"from":[105],"Dermatology":[107],"Venereology":[109],"Clinic":[110],"at":[111],"Dr.":[112],"Cipto":[113],"Mangunkusumo":[114],"Hospital":[115],"Jakarta,":[117],"Indonesia.":[118],"Participants":[119],"be":[121,137,169,174,207],"divided":[122],"into":[123],"cases":[124,164],"(patients":[125,130],"TU)":[127],"controls":[129],"TU).":[132],"Serum":[133],"25(OH)D":[134],"measured":[138],"using":[139],"chemiluminescence":[141],"immunoassay,":[142],"detection":[146],"conducted":[148],"through":[149],"polymerase":[150],"chain":[151],"reaction-restriction":[152],"fragment":[153],"length":[154],"(PCR-RFLP)":[156],"methods.":[157],"A":[158],"total":[159],"82":[161],"participants":[162],"(41":[163],"41":[166],"controls)":[167],"recruited.":[170],"Statistical":[171],"analysis":[172,201],"performed":[175],"associations.":[181],"Results":[182],"Data":[183,200],"collection":[184],"commenced":[185],"March":[187],"2024":[188],"was":[190],"completed":[191],"September":[193],"2024,":[194],"during":[195],"Indonesia\u2019s":[197],"dry":[198],"season.":[199],"reporting":[203],"are":[204],"expected":[205],"finalized":[208],"by":[209],"January":[210],"2025.":[211],"Discussion":[212],"findings":[214],"this":[216],"enhance":[219],"current":[221],"understanding":[222],"axis":[230],"patients.":[238,266],"could":[240],"lead":[241],"new":[243],"therapeutic":[244],"strategies,":[245],"such":[246],"as":[247],"supplementation":[250],"personalized":[252],"medicine":[253],"based":[254],"on":[255],"genetic":[256],"profiling,":[257],"potentially":[258],"reducing":[259],"burden":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}