{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415475140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","title":"Optimizing Early AKI Definitions in Preterm Neonates Using the PENUT Trial","display_name":"Optimizing Early AKI Definitions in Preterm Neonates Using the PENUT Trial","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415475140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063405917","display_name":"Michelle C. Starr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9412-8950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9412-8950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709130","display_name":"Indiana University School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02ets8c94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle C. Starr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081124832","display_name":"Russell Lee Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-7996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-7996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Authority, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Authority, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564095","display_name":"Matthew W. Harer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-3269","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-3269"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew W. Harer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030629237","display_name":"Shina Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-0307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shina Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052889588","display_name":"Katja M. Gist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-670X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-670X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096275","display_name":"Children's Hospital Colorado","ror":"https://ror.org/00mj9k629","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096275"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katja M. Gist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088986004","display_name":"Karel Allegaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-5105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-5105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karel Allegaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000206336","display_name":"Samantha R Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7887-5217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7887-5217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294278766","display_name":"Lurie Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03a6zw892","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294278766"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Rose Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, United States;","University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Foundation, Chicago, Illinois, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294278766"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020817879","display_name":"Rute Baeta Baptista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-2812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-2812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rute Baeta Baptista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade Nova de Lisboa Medical School, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa Medical School, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089653898","display_name":"David T. Selewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-0760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-0760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153297377","display_name":"Medical University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/012jban78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David T. Selewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153297377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064770359","display_name":"David J. Askenazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-9887","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6840-9887"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Askenazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Authority, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Health System Authority, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60236673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10S","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12068","display_name":"Neonatal Health and Biochemistry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-kidney-injury","display_name":"acute kidney injury","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-infants","display_name":"preterm infants","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-creatinine","display_name":"serum creatinine","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aki-definitions","display_name":"AKI definitions","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-prediction","display_name":"mortality prediction","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis-prediction","display_name":"outcome prediction","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythropoietin","display_name":"erythropoietin","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8421000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424337","display_name":"Acute kidney injury","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454","display_name":"Resuscitation","level":2,"score":0.22859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.22179999947547913}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2025sjqc1d3g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.eur.nl:openaire_cris_publications/f9f21607-060d-4e45-9665-00f5601b2ca6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/f9f21607-060d-4e45-9665-00f5601b2ca6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401266","display_name":"EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Starr, M C, Griffin, R, Harer, M W, Menon, S, Gist, K M, Allegaert, K, Schwartz, S R, Baeta Baptista, R, Selewski, D T & Askenazi, D J 2025, 'Optimizing Early AKI Definitions in Preterm Neonates Using the PENUT Trial', Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol. 36, no. 10. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2025sjqc1d3g","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2619319191","https://openalex.org/W7155054826","https://openalex.org/W2904189422","https://openalex.org/W4415474821","https://openalex.org/W4414280883","https://openalex.org/W7118509670","https://openalex.org/W4283709282","https://openalex.org/W4411308319","https://openalex.org/W7166885574","https://openalex.org/W4385715942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Acute":[1],"kidney":[2],"injury":[3],"(AKI)":[4],"is":[5],"common":[6],"in":[7,49],"preterm":[8,22],"neonates.":[9,23],"Current":[10,185],"definitions":[11,25,58,188,196],"are":[12,26],"adapted":[13],"from":[14,40],"adults":[15],"and":[16,32,84,116,121,171,180,236],"may":[17,197],"not":[18],"be":[19],"optimal":[20,133],"for":[21,103,111,118],"Optimized":[24],"essential":[27],"to":[28,65,73,99,144,192,239],"improve":[29],"outcome":[30],"prediction":[31],"guide":[33],"interventions.":[34],"Methods:":[35],"Using":[36],"serum":[37],"creatinine":[38],"(SCr)":[39],"the":[41,108,135,224],"Preterm":[42],"Erythropoietin":[43],"Neuroprotection":[44],"(PENUT)":[45],"Trial,":[46],"a":[47,155,174,221,230],"RCT":[48],"neonates":[50],"24-27":[51],"weeks":[52],"gestation,":[53],"we":[54],"evaluated":[55],"11":[56],"SCr-AKI":[57,187],"(Table1).":[59,130],"Performance":[60],"was":[61,71,141],"assessed":[62],"by":[63],"ability":[64,191],"predict":[66,193],"mortality.":[67],"Youden\u2019s":[68],"index":[69],"(YI)":[70],"calculated":[72],"find":[74],"SCr":[75,105,139,150,169,206],"thresholds":[76,199],"most":[77],"predictive":[78,128],"of":[79,158,177,226],"mortality":[80,113],"(Day":[81],"0-2,":[82],"3-7":[83,168],"8-14).":[85],"Results:":[86],"This":[87],"study":[88],"included":[89],"923":[90],"infants;":[91],"AKI":[92,228],"incidence":[93],"varied":[94],"(6.4%":[95],"[SCr":[96,101],"peak":[97],">1.5mg/dL]":[98],"58.4%":[100],">75th%":[102],"age]).":[104],"percentiles":[106],"had":[107,154,173],"highest":[109],"sensitivity":[110],"predicting":[112,233],"(0.65,":[114],"0.5":[115],"0.38":[117],"75th%,":[119],"90th%,":[120],"95th%,":[122],"respectively),":[123],"but":[124],"uniformly":[125],"low":[126],"positive":[127],"value":[129],"When":[131],"evaluating":[132],"cutoffs,":[134],"Day":[136,167],"0-2":[137],"fluid-adjusted":[138,166],"threshold":[140,153],"0.87mg/dL.":[142],"Compared":[143],"those":[145,148],"below":[146],"0.87mg/dL,":[147],"with":[149,162,212],"higher":[151,156,175],"than":[152],"risk":[157,176],"death":[159,178],"(LR+1.83[1.32-2.34,p=.0014]).":[160],"Infants":[161],"an":[163],"absolute":[164,205],"or":[165,204,220],"(1.16mg/dL":[170],"1.05mg/dL)":[172],"(LR+1.85[1.18-2.52,p=.013":[179],"LR+1.76[1.32-2.34,p=.0014]":[181],"respectively":[182],"(Table2).":[183],"Conclusion:":[184],"neonatal":[186,227],"have":[189],"limited":[190],"death.":[194],"Improved":[195],"require":[198],"at":[200],"different":[201],"timepoints":[202],"(fluid-adjusted":[203],"on":[207],"Days":[208],"3-7)":[209],"plus":[210],"elements":[211],"high":[213],"specificity":[214],"(biomarkers,":[215],"urine":[216],"output,":[217],"clinical":[218],"factors":[219],"combination).":[222],"Optimizing":[223],"definition":[225],"remains":[229],"balance":[231],"between":[232],"adverse":[234],"outcomes":[235],"timely":[237],"identification":[238],"allow":[240],"intervention.":[241],"Funding:":[242],"NIDDK":[243],"Support,":[244],"Private":[245],"Foundation":[246],"Support":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}