{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415407239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","title":"VMAT2 inhibitors for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a narrative review","display_name":"VMAT2 inhibitors for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a narrative review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415407239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41122869","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13064733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1092852925100643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/76877F677766141404FC42B8030D9C51/S1092852925100643a.pdf/div-class-title-vmat2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-tardive-dyskinesia-a-narrative-review-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237982","display_name":"CNS Spectrums","issn_l":"1092-8529","issn":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CNS Spectrums","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/76877F677766141404FC42B8030D9C51/S1092852925100643a.pdf/div-class-title-vmat2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-tardive-dyskinesia-a-narrative-review-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102148587","display_name":"Amita Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7464-2418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7464-2418"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amita R. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dayton Psychiatric Associates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7464-2418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dayton Psychiatric Associates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080057970","display_name":"Robert A. Hauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-1203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-1203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Hauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013970045","display_name":"Leslie Citrome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-9266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-9266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181190671","display_name":"New York Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/03dkvy735","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181190671"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie Citrome","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York Medical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181190671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069547960","display_name":"Laxman B. Bahroo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-0658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-0658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laxman Bahroo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgetown University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgetown University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120086930","display_name":"Tracy Hicks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Hicks","raw_affiliation_strings":["C-Trilogy Outreach"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C-Trilogy Outreach","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120086931","display_name":"Alta Maness","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alta Maness","raw_affiliation_strings":["Comprehensive Behavioral Healthcare"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comprehensive Behavioral Healthcare","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113065584","display_name":"Khodayar Farahmand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67391869","display_name":"Neurocrine Biosciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05d84mm26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khodayar Farahmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117063133","display_name":"Kira Aldrich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67391869","display_name":"Neurocrine Biosciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05d84mm26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kira Aldrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014637911","display_name":"Dawn M. Vanderhoef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-4615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-4615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67391869","display_name":"Neurocrine Biosciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05d84mm26","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Vanderhoef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67391869"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102774504","display_name":"Andrew J. Cutler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-0378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-0378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20388574","display_name":"SUNY Upstate Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/040kfrw16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20388574"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Cutler","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York Upstate Medical University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-0378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York Upstate Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20388574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102148587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":1.1318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76072706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"e90","last_page":"e90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.01979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11071","display_name":"Treatment of Major Depression","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tardive-dyskinesia","display_name":"tardive dyskinesia","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vmat2-inhibitors","display_name":"VMAT2 inhibitors","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valbenazine","display_name":"valbenazine","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deutetrabenazine","display_name":"deutetrabenazine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vmat2","display_name":"vesicular monoamine transporter 2","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-induced-movement-disorders","display_name":"antipsychotic-induced movement disorders","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/once-daily-dosing","display_name":"once-daily dosing","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-interactions","display_name":"drug interactions","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-treatment-outcomes","display_name":"long-term treatment outcomes","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-needed-to-treat","display_name":"number needed to treat","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimal-clinically-important-difference","display_name":"minimal clinically important difference","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779158372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546328","display_name":"Tardive dyskinesia","level":3,"score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.710099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777288759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182","display_name":"Dosing","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.46720001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776284327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413050","display_name":"Tetrabenazine","level":3,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55775858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics","level":4,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778261627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2608695","display_name":"Movement disorders","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778406628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2521094","display_name":"Vesicular monoamine transporter 2","level":5,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776286997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2880966","display_name":"Dopaminergic pathways","level":4,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63433958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774688","display_name":"Clinical pharmacology","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120069818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415496","display_name":"Dopamine receptor","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779384505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007513","display_name":"Concomitant","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071057","descriptor_name":"Tardive Dyskinesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013747","descriptor_name":"Tetrabenazine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013747","descriptor_name":"Tetrabenazine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013747","descriptor_name":"Tetrabenazine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013747","descriptor_name":"Tetrabenazine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050493","descriptor_name":"Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1092852925100643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/76877F677766141404FC42B8030D9C51/S1092852925100643a.pdf/div-class-title-vmat2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-tardive-dyskinesia-a-narrative-review-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237982","display_name":"CNS Spectrums","issn_l":"1092-8529","issn":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CNS Spectrums","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41122869","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41122869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CNS spectrums","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13064733","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13064733/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CNS Spectr","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1092852925100643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852925100643","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/76877F677766141404FC42B8030D9C51/S1092852925100643a.pdf/div-class-title-vmat2-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-tardive-dyskinesia-a-narrative-review-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237982","display_name":"CNS Spectrums","issn_l":"1092-8529","issn":["1092-8529","2165-6509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CNS Spectrums","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315137","display_name":"Neurocrine Biosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05d84mm26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332679","display_name":"Parkinsonfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/0300wre24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415407239.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415407239.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2793700294","https://openalex.org/W3003261460","https://openalex.org/W3002680638","https://openalex.org/W2946759619","https://openalex.org/W7043880311","https://openalex.org/W2889032543","https://openalex.org/W2792368235","https://openalex.org/W2793347628","https://openalex.org/W2801534436","https://openalex.org/W7154467162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"vesicular":[1],"monoamine":[2],"transporter":[3],"2":[4],"(VMAT2)":[5],"inhibitors,":[6],"valbenazine":[7,59,88],"and":[8,21,32,46,60,89,93,114,123,138,145,202],"deutetrabenazine,":[9],"are":[10,91,101,130,160],"approved":[11],"for":[12,48,58,64,147,170,199],"the":[13,81,121,200],"treatment":[14],"of":[15,68,106,135,204],"tardive":[16],"dyskinesia":[17],"(TD),":[18],"a":[19,55,61,73],"persistent":[20],"potentially":[22],"disabling":[23],"movement":[24],"disorder":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27,151,163,187],"prolonged":[28],"exposure":[29],"to":[30,79,110,119,126,178],"antipsychotics":[31],"other":[33],"dopamine":[34],"receptor":[35],"blocking":[36],"agents.":[37],"Since":[38],"their":[39,112,136,140],"initial":[40],"approval":[41],"in":[42,95,133,142],"2017,":[43],"new":[44,70],"formulations":[45],"doses":[47],"both":[49],"medications":[50,129],"have":[51],"become":[52],"available,":[53],"including":[54],"sprinkle":[56],"capsule":[57],"once-daily":[62],"tablet":[63],"deutetrabenazine.":[65],"In":[66],"light":[67],"these":[69,85,128,205],"therapeutic":[71],"options,":[72],"comprehensive":[74],"scoping":[75],"review":[76,108],"was":[77],"conducted":[78],"consolidate":[80],"current":[82],"knowledge":[83],"about":[84],"medications.":[86,153,206],"Both":[87],"deutetrabenazine":[90],"safe":[92],"effective":[94],"treating":[96],"TD.":[97],"However,":[98],"as":[99,125],"they":[100],"different":[102],"drugs,":[103],"one":[104],"objective":[105,117],"this":[107],"is":[109,118],"describe":[111],"pharmacology":[113],"pharmacokinetics.":[115],"Another":[116],"summarize":[120],"similarities":[122],"differences":[124],"how":[127],"prescribed,":[131],"specifically":[132],"terms":[134],"warnings":[137],"precautions,":[139],"use":[141],"special":[143],"populations,":[144],"recommendations":[146],"dosing":[148],"when":[149],"taken":[150],"concomitant":[152],"Results":[154],"from":[155,194],"double-blind,":[156],"placebo-controlled":[157],"clinical":[158,171],"trials":[159],"presented,":[161],"along":[162],"post":[164],"hoc":[165],"analyses":[166],"that":[167],"provide":[168,197],"benchmarks":[169],"relevance":[172],"(eg,":[173],"effect":[174],"size,":[175],"number":[176],"needed":[177],"treat,":[179],"minimal":[180],"clinically":[181],"important":[182],"difference).":[183],"As":[184],"most":[185],"patients":[186],"TD":[188],"will":[189],"require":[190],"ongoing":[191],"treatment,":[192],"findings":[193],"long-term":[195],"studies":[196],"evidence":[198],"safety":[201],"effectiveness":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}
