{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415328239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","title":"Bilevel optimization model for optimal time-and-level-of-use electricity pricing in smart grids","display_name":"Bilevel optimization model for optimal time-and-level-of-use electricity pricing in smart grids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415328239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493549543","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks","issn_l":"2352-4677","issn":["2352-4677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043729734","display_name":"Huihui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-8240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-8240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-8240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chaoyang Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058693346","display_name":"Bowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-0308","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3418-0308"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and the College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and the College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567322","display_name":"Qiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-6768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-6768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083185861","display_name":"Ruilong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-150X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8158-150X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruilong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and the College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and the College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310000, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989102","display_name":"Yangyang Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-4749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-4749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043729734"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"102005","last_page":"102005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bi-level-optimization","display_name":"bi-level optimization","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"smart grid","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiered-electricity-pricing","display_name":"tiered electricity pricing","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levelized-cost-of-electricity","display_name":"levelized cost of electricity","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-management","display_name":"demand management","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6133999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.5318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11210021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520713","display_name":"Linearization","level":3,"score":0.4975999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.44620001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180505990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498267","display_name":"News aggregator","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870344","display_name":"Electricity pricing","level":4,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554403","display_name":"Duality (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194387892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747770","display_name":"Stochastic optimization","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199004533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210127","display_name":"Balanced scorecard","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394670","display_name":"Pricing strategies","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120330832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166656","display_name":"Supply and demand","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2025.102005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493549543","display_name":"Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks","issn_l":"2352-4677","issn":["2352-4677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6773999929428101}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5065734402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975320652","https://openalex.org/W2000143048","https://openalex.org/W2074376561","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2126813526","https://openalex.org/W2743584346","https://openalex.org/W2884877273","https://openalex.org/W2914837384","https://openalex.org/W2979234893","https://openalex.org/W2998629047","https://openalex.org/W3034772278","https://openalex.org/W3082298119","https://openalex.org/W3106639163","https://openalex.org/W3150845529","https://openalex.org/W3187587412","https://openalex.org/W4297516852","https://openalex.org/W4310127672","https://openalex.org/W4385502717","https://openalex.org/W4392308137","https://openalex.org/W4392466518","https://openalex.org/W4408986646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414569395","https://openalex.org/W3150845529","https://openalex.org/W2562599777","https://openalex.org/W3034772278","https://openalex.org/W2772480285","https://openalex.org/W2979234893","https://openalex.org/W3090146873","https://openalex.org/W4294907887","https://openalex.org/W2776693134","https://openalex.org/W3131810518"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}
