{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415324249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","title":"Using discrete fracture networks to assess how defect size and other variables affect the formation of wedge failures in open pits","display_name":"Using discrete fracture networks to assess how defect size and other variables affect the formation of wedge failures in open pits","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415324249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","pdf_url":"https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/d/2535_38_Watton/38_Watton.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086611","display_name":"International Slope Stability in Mining Conference (SSIM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSIM 2025: Fourth International Slope Stability in Mining Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/d/2535_38_Watton/38_Watton.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028533132","display_name":"James Watton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Watton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053797062","display_name":"Felicia M. Weir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felicia Weir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109178546","display_name":"Mark Fowler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Centre for Geomechanics , Perth SSIM 2025 , Vancouver , Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34901106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.13699999451637268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13772","display_name":"Geomechanics and Mining Engineering","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wedge-failure","display_name":"wedge failure","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-pit-slope","display_name":"open pit slopes","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-fracture-network","display_name":"discrete fracture network","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity-orientation","display_name":"discontinuity orientation","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slope-stability","display_name":"slope stability","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pit-slope-design","display_name":"pit slope design","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photogrammetry","display_name":"photogrammetry","score":0.6899999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.8355000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.748199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47422493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2755127","display_name":"Wedge (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117455697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190149","display_name":"Photogrammetry","level":2,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961278","display_name":"Slope stability","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204665574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5654036","display_name":"Rockfall","level":3,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154238967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12870","display_name":"Explosive material","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","pdf_url":"https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/d/2535_38_Watton/38_Watton.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086611","display_name":"International Slope Stability in Mining Conference (SSIM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSIM 2025: Fourth International Slope Stability in Mining Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2535_38","pdf_url":"https://papers.acg.uwa.edu.au/d/2535_38_Watton/38_Watton.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086611","display_name":"International Slope Stability in Mining Conference (SSIM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SSIM 2025: Fourth International Slope Stability in Mining Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415324249.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415324249.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388290430","https://openalex.org/W4388290360","https://openalex.org/W2742999679","https://openalex.org/W4388290391","https://openalex.org/W2560533272","https://openalex.org/W4406852507","https://openalex.org/W4415324283","https://openalex.org/W3206479571","https://openalex.org/W4386495600","https://openalex.org/W2604701994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wedge":[0],"failure":[1,111],"is":[2,23],"the":[3,10,63,77,84,87,101,108,118,126,138,149,159,165],"sliding":[4],"of":[5,12,14,110,152,158],"a":[6,20,40,53,93],"rock":[7],"block":[8],"on":[9],"line":[11],"intersection":[13],"two":[15],"discontinuities":[16,67],"oriented":[17],"to":[18,61,125],"form":[19],"wedge,":[21],"and":[22,27,49,59,71,86,103,148,164],"influenced":[24],"by":[25],"geological":[26],"geometric":[28],"factors.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"compares":[32],"traditional":[33],"industry-accepted":[34,102,119],"pit":[35,72,176],"slope":[36,115,128,140,167,177],"design":[37],"methods":[38,105,120],"with":[39,113,137],"discrete":[41],"fracture":[42],"network":[43],"(DFN)":[44],"approach.":[45],"The":[46,130,142],"geotechnical":[47],"model":[48],"observed":[50,88,127,139],"performance":[51,89],"from":[52,69,76,92],"case":[54,78],"study":[55,79,143],"site":[56,80],"are":[57,155],"presented":[58],"used":[60,82],"benchmark":[62],"analysis":[64],"results.":[65],"Major":[66],"measured":[68],"photogrammetry":[70,94],"face":[73],"mapping":[74],"data":[75],"were":[81,133],"for":[83,161,173],"analysis,":[85],"was":[90],"assessed":[91],"point":[95],"cloud":[96],"created":[97],"using":[98],"drones.":[99],"Both":[100],"DFN":[104,131],"indicated":[106],"that":[107,145],"probability":[109,123],"increases":[112],"steeper":[114],"angles,":[116],"however,":[117],"overestimated":[121],"this":[122],"compared":[124],"performance.":[129,141],"models":[132],"more":[134],"closely":[135],"aligned":[136],"highlights":[144],"discontinuity":[146,153],"size":[147],"spatial":[150],"distribution":[151],"sets":[154],"key":[156],"drivers":[157],"potential":[160],"wedge":[162],"instability":[163],"resulting":[166],"performance,":[168],"which":[169],"have":[170],"flow-on":[171],"impacts":[172],"developing":[174],"reliable":[175],"designs.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}