{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415324237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","title":"Laboratory Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Clinical Cases and Diagnostic Implications","display_name":"Laboratory Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Clinical Cases and Diagnostic Implications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415324237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31579/2690-4861/900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","pdf_url":"https://auctoresonline.org/uploads/articles/1760101785IJCCR-25-RW-900-Galley_Proof_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197416","display_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","issn_l":"2690-4861","issn":["2690-4861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108569","host_organization_name":"Auctores Publishing LLC","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Auctores Publishing LLC"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://auctoresonline.org/uploads/articles/1760101785IJCCR-25-RW-900-Galley_Proof_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013836137","display_name":"Altin Goxharaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1595-4338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1595-4338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149580","display_name":"Eqrem \u00c7abej University","ror":"https://ror.org/040sw6c10","country_code":"AL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149580"]}],"countries":["AL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Altin Goxharaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing , Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Gjirokast\u00ebr \"Eqrem \u00c7abej\" , Gjirokast\u00ebr , Albania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing , Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Gjirokast\u00ebr \"Eqrem \u00c7abej\" , Gjirokast\u00ebr , Albania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013836137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149580"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"05","first_page":"01","last_page":"03"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10935","display_name":"Endometriosis Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycystic-ovary-syndrome","display_name":"polycystic ovary syndrome","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homa-ir","display_name":"HOMA-IR","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-insulin","display_name":"fasting insulin","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/androgens","display_name":"androgens","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonadotropins","display_name":"gonadotropins","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ovulation-induction","display_name":"ovulation induction","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-disorders","display_name":"reproductive disorders","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018442814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500816","display_name":"Polycystic ovary","level":4,"score":0.8605999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7617999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.6725000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2351083","display_name":"Metabolic disorder","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9631","display_name":"Ovary","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776210078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351870","display_name":"Reproductive medicine","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31579/2690-4861/900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","pdf_url":"https://auctoresonline.org/uploads/articles/1760101785IJCCR-25-RW-900-Galley_Proof_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197416","display_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","issn_l":"2690-4861","issn":["2690-4861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108569","host_organization_name":"Auctores Publishing LLC","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Auctores Publishing LLC"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31579/2690-4861/900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/900","pdf_url":"https://auctoresonline.org/uploads/articles/1760101785IJCCR-25-RW-900-Galley_Proof_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197416","display_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","issn_l":"2690-4861","issn":["2690-4861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108569","host_organization_name":"Auctores Publishing LLC","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Auctores Publishing LLC"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415324237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415324237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999165671","https://openalex.org/W7220646374","https://openalex.org/W4412138271","https://openalex.org/W7092189034","https://openalex.org/W2493265758","https://openalex.org/W53497139","https://openalex.org/W2041909302","https://openalex.org/W2019495759","https://openalex.org/W4281711388","https://openalex.org/W4220973560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Polycystic":[1],"Ovary":[2],"Syndrome":[3],"(PCOS)":[4],"is":[5,21,125],"one":[6],"of":[7,15,26,40,48,65,80,87,131,135],"the":[8,38,44,78,85,128],"most":[9],"prevalent":[10],"endocrine":[11],"disorders":[12],"affecting":[13],"women":[14],"reproductive":[16,120],"age.":[17],"Insulin":[18],"resistance":[19],"(IR)":[20],"a":[22],"central":[23],"metabolic":[24,144],"feature":[25],"PCOS,":[27],"often":[28],"present":[29],"even":[30],"in":[31,43,50,59,90,116,127],"non-obese":[32],"individuals.":[33],"Objective:":[34],"This":[35],"article":[36],"explores":[37],"role":[39],"laboratory":[41],"markers":[42,68],"diagnosis":[45,91],"and":[46,55,72,92,100,103,111,119,146],"management":[47],"IR":[49,73,118,136],"PCOS":[51,71],"through":[52],"clinical":[53,60,82],"cases":[54,83],"discusses":[56],"their":[57],"implications":[58],"practice.":[61],"Methods:":[62],"A":[63],"review":[64],"key":[66],"biochemical":[67],"associated":[69],"with":[70,109],"was":[74],"conducted,":[75],"followed":[76],"by":[77],"presentation":[79],"two":[81],"illustrating":[84],"utility":[86],"these":[88],"parameters":[89],"treatment.":[93],"Results:":[94],"Elevated":[95],"fasting":[96],"insulin,":[97],"HOMA-IR":[98],">2.5,":[99],"altered":[101],"androgenic":[102],"gonadotropin":[104],"profiles":[105],"were":[106],"observed.":[107],"Treatment":[108],"metformin":[110],"ovulation-induction":[112],"agents":[113],"proved":[114],"effective":[115],"managing":[117],"dysfunction.":[121],"Conclusion:":[122],"Laboratory":[123],"testing":[124],"essential":[126],"comprehensive":[129],"evaluation":[130],"PCOS.":[132],"Early":[133],"identification":[134],"allows":[137],"for":[138],"timely":[139],"interventions":[140],"that":[141],"can":[142],"improve":[143],"outcomes":[145],"fertility.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2025-10-19T00:00:00"}
