{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415313877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","title":"An Agentic Framework for Autonomous Metamaterial Modeling and Inverse Design","display_name":"An Agentic Framework for Autonomous Metamaterial Modeling and Inverse Design","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415313877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135184319","display_name":"ACS Photonics","issn_l":"2330-4022","issn":["2330-4022"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Photonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06935","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104234052","display_name":"Darui Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7211-1512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7211-1512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Duke University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007239332","display_name":"Jordan M. Malof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-4920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-4920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan M. Malof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077837082","display_name":"Willie J. Padilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-8847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-8847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Willie J. Padilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","Duke University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-8847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077837082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85422898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"6071","last_page":"6080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agentic-systems","display_name":"agentic systems","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agents","display_name":"autonomous agents","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-metamaterials","display_name":"optical metamaterials","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-design","display_name":"inverse design","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.6895999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5430999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.5c01514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135184319","display_name":"ACS Photonics","issn_l":"2330-4022","issn":["2330-4022"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Photonics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.06935","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06935","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.06935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.06935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.06935","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.06935","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.06935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651395156","https://openalex.org/W2775280502","https://openalex.org/W2891797827","https://openalex.org/W3016772326","https://openalex.org/W3092323705","https://openalex.org/W3113447514","https://openalex.org/W3129644058","https://openalex.org/W3168693657","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3204355380","https://openalex.org/W4206789278","https://openalex.org/W4214611600","https://openalex.org/W4220829834","https://openalex.org/W4221161695","https://openalex.org/W4297499081","https://openalex.org/W4309791287","https://openalex.org/W4322618182","https://openalex.org/W4386219220","https://openalex.org/W4386439323","https://openalex.org/W4387342045","https://openalex.org/W4391727047","https://openalex.org/W4394578532","https://openalex.org/W4400210936","https://openalex.org/W4402952666","https://openalex.org/W4406231153","https://openalex.org/W4406951686","https://openalex.org/W4407760093","https://openalex.org/W4415748298","https://openalex.org/W6891807362","https://openalex.org/W6891932439"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evolution":[1],"from":[2],"large":[3,124],"language":[4],"models":[5],"to":[6,92,143],"agentic":[7],"systems":[8],"has":[9],"created":[10],"a":[11,35,48,58,76,80,107,123],"new":[12],"Frontier":[13],"of":[14,20,42,106,122,130,151],"scientific":[15,152],"discovery,":[16],"enabling":[17],"the":[18,39,52,86,104,111,128,141,156],"automation":[19],"complex":[21],"research":[22,145],"tasks":[23,69],"that":[24,137],"have":[25,140],"traditionally":[26],"required":[27],"human":[28,108],"expertise.":[29],"We":[30,84],"developed":[31],"and":[32,56,74,95,100,117,127,148],"demonstrated":[33],"such":[34],"framework":[36],"specifically":[37],"for":[38,68],"inverse":[40,82],"design":[41,78,125],"photonic":[43],"metamaterials.":[44],"When":[45],"queried":[46],"with":[47],"desired":[49],"optical":[50],"spectrum,":[51],"Agent":[53],"autonomously":[54,99],"proposes":[55],"develops":[57],"forward":[59],"deep":[60,81],"learning":[61],"model,":[62],"accesses":[63],"external":[64],"tools":[65],"via":[66,79],"APIs":[67],"like":[70],"optimization,":[71],"utilizes":[72],"memory,":[73],"generates":[75],"final":[77],"method.":[83],"demonstrate":[85],"framework\u2019s":[87],"effectiveness,":[88],"highlighting":[89],"its":[90,97],"ability":[91],"reason,":[93],"plan,":[94],"adapt":[96],"strategy":[98],"in":[101,146],"real-time,":[102],"mirroring":[103],"processes":[105],"researcher.":[109],"Notably,":[110],"Agentic":[112],"Framework":[113],"possesses":[114],"internal":[115],"reflection":[116],"decision":[118],"flexibility,":[119],"allowing":[120],"exploration":[121],"space":[126],"production":[129],"highly":[131],"varied":[132],"output.":[133],"Our":[134],"results":[135],"suggest":[136],"autonomous":[138],"agents":[139],"potential":[142],"accelerate":[144],"photonics":[147],"broader":[149],"domains":[150],"computing":[153],"while":[154],"reducing":[155],"expertise":[157],"requirements.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-18T00:00:00"}
