{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415313558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","title":"Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Kwara State, Nigeria: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment","display_name":"Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Rural Electrification in Kwara State, Nigeria: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415313558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206625","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-2926","issn":["2582-2926"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002553406","display_name":"Muniru Olajide Okelola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-8580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-8580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muniru Olajide Okelola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120048800","display_name":"Nasrat Alaba Opoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6591-6606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6591-6606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasrat Alaba Opoola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050683306","display_name":"Jelili Aremu Oyedokun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-393X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-393X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266132","display_name":"National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization","ror":"https://ror.org/00hr59v12","country_code":"NG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801477186","https://openalex.org/I4405266132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jelili Aremu Oyedokun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria and Department of Engineering and Scientific Services, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria and Department of Engineering and Scientific Services, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266132","https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048198899","display_name":"Olugbolade Ademola Akinsanya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45230691","display_name":"Ladoke Akintola University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/043hyzt56","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olugbolade Ademola Akinsanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45230691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050683306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266132","https://openalex.org/I45230691"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67037981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"11","first_page":"45","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-renewable-energy-systems","display_name":"hybrid renewable energy systems","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-electrification","display_name":"rural electrification","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-grid-electrification","display_name":"off-grid electrification","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"photovoltaics","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-energy","display_name":"wind energy","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-energy","display_name":"biomass energy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-analysis","display_name":"techno-economic analysis","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions reduction","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homer-pro","display_name":"HOMER Pro","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retscreen","display_name":"RETScreen","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-resource-assessment","display_name":"renewable resource assessment","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kwara-state","display_name":"Kwara State","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778970885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3587607","display_name":"Rural electrification","level":4,"score":0.7364000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7253000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.506600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181230689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192472","display_name":"Net present value","level":3,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779553522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15261121","display_name":"National Grid","level":3,"score":0.42179998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144553756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081665","display_name":"Payback period","level":3,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.41110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5979214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126932","display_name":"Cost of electricity by source","level":4,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164749845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320389","display_name":"Environmental impact assessment","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777682434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341346","display_name":"Energy mix","level":4,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982926626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962383","display_name":"Sustainable energy","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777172336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2700433","display_name":"Energy security","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206625","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-2926","issn":["2582-2926"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journaljerr.com:article/1684","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journaljerr.com/index.php/JERR/article/view/1684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206625","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-2926","issn":["2582-2926"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2582-2926","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05323144v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05323144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 2025, 27 (11), pp.45-57","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2025/v27i111684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210206625","display_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","issn_l":"2582-2926","issn":["2582-2926"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Research and Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7126205951","https://openalex.org/W4400391840","https://openalex.org/W4411706557","https://openalex.org/W7133961754","https://openalex.org/W4399456052","https://openalex.org/W4402843850","https://openalex.org/W7155407407","https://openalex.org/W4405312863","https://openalex.org/W4407772183","https://openalex.org/W7221535290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Access":[0],"to":[1,83,210],"reliable":[2],"and":[3,23,41,49,61,75,93,101,118,130,154,168,195,228,235,247],"affordable":[4],"electricity":[5],"remains":[6],"a":[7,64],"major":[8],"challenge":[9],"for":[10,56,239],"rural":[11,240],"communities":[12],"in":[13,16,116,128],"Nigeria,":[14,241],"particularly":[15],"Kwara":[17],"State,":[18],"where":[19],"weak":[20],"grid":[21],"infrastructure":[22],"reliance":[24],"on":[25],"costly":[26],"fossil":[27],"fuels":[28],"constrain":[29],"socio-economic":[30],"development.":[31],"Despite":[32],"abundant":[33,119],"renewable":[34],"resources":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"solar,":[38],"wind,":[39,92],"hydro,":[40],"biomass,":[42],"these":[43],"remain":[44],"underutilized.":[45],"This":[46],"study":[47,223],"designed":[48],"optimized":[50],"Hybrid":[51],"Renewable":[52],"Energy":[53],"Systems":[54],"(HRES)":[55],"three":[57],"off-grid":[58],"communities\u2014Owode,":[59],"Abe-Eya,":[60,117],"Ila-Oja":[62,131],"Aboto\u2014using":[63],"mixed-method":[65],"approach":[66],"that":[67,225],"combined":[68],"household":[69,125],"energy":[70,245],"surveys,":[71],"field-based":[72],"resource":[73],"assessments,":[74],"techno-economic":[76],"simulations.":[77],"HOMER":[78],"Pro":[79],"(v3.14.2)":[80],"was":[81],"used":[82],"develop":[84],"optimal":[85,134],"hybrid":[86,230],"configurations":[87],"integrating":[88],"solar":[89,107],"photovoltaic":[90],"(PV),":[91],"biomass":[94,120],"systems,":[95],"while":[96],"RETScreen":[97],"Expert":[98],"evaluated":[99],"financial":[100],"environmental":[102],"performance.":[103],"Results":[104],"showed":[105],"strong":[106,180],"irradiance":[108],"(~5.85":[109],"kWh/m\u00b2/day),":[110],"moderate":[111],"wind":[112,147],"speeds":[113],"(3.8\u20134.2":[114],"m/s)":[115],"availability":[121],"(1.5\u20132.2":[122],"tons":[123],"per":[124,126],"year)":[127],"Owode":[129],"Aboto.":[132],"The":[133,222],"configuration":[135],"included":[136],"54":[137],"\u00d7":[138,144,150],"215":[139],"W":[140],"PV":[141],"modules,":[142],"2":[143],"1":[145,151],"kW":[146,152],"turbines,":[148],"4":[149],"batteries,":[153],"34":[155],"kVA":[156],"converters,":[157],"with":[158,182],"installation":[159],"costs":[160],"of":[161,188,192,198],"\u20a622.32":[162],"million":[163,166,170],"(Owode),":[164],"\u20a624.48":[165],"(Abe-Eya),":[167],"\u20a624.96":[169],"(Ila-Oja":[171],"Aboto),":[172],"generating":[173],"25,754\u201331,643":[174],"kWh":[175],"annually.":[176],"Economic":[177],"analysis":[178,215],"indicated":[179],"viability":[181],"NPV":[183],">":[184],"\u20a6550":[185],"million,":[186],"IRR":[187],"142\u2013158%,":[189],"payback":[190],"periods":[191],"3.2\u20133.5":[193],"years,":[194],"benefit\u2013cost":[196],"ratios":[197],"1.15\u20131.17.":[199],"Greenhouse":[200],"gas":[201],"emissions":[202],"decreased":[203],"by":[204],"63\u201370%,":[205],"from":[206],"6,000\u20137,500":[207],"kg":[208,212],"CO\u2082/year":[209],"613\u2013959":[211],"CO\u2082/year.":[213],"Sensitivity":[214],"confirmed":[216],"robustness":[217],"under":[218],"\u00b125%":[219],"cost":[220],"variation.":[221],"demonstrates":[224],"community-specific":[226],"solar-biomass":[227],"solar-wind":[229],"systems":[231],"provide":[232],"reliable,":[233],"cost-effective,":[234],"sustainable":[236],"electrification":[237],"pathways":[238],"advancing":[242],"the":[243],"national":[244],"transition":[246],"Sustainable":[248],"Development":[249],"Goal":[250],"7.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2025-10-18T00:00:00"}