{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415249286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","title":"Lignin-Rich Microfibrillated Cellulose: A Sustainable Alternative for Proton Exchange Membranes for Energy Applications","display_name":"Lignin-Rich Microfibrillated Cellulose: A Sustainable Alternative for Proton Exchange Membranes for Energy Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415249286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172?ref=article_openPDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502047864","display_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","issn_l":"2168-0485","issn":["2168-0485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172?ref=article_openPDF","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025555832","display_name":"Huisi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-352X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-352X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huisi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","KTH Royal Institute of Technology","KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041469461","display_name":"Roman Selyanchyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-2416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-2416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286259","display_name":"Kyushu University Platform of Inter-/Transdisciplinary Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01msg4834","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405286259"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287645","display_name":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05r6g1d09","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405287645"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roman Selyanchyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan","Platform for Inter-/Transdisciplinary Energy Research (Q-PIT), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405287645"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Platform for Inter-/Transdisciplinary Energy Research (Q-PIT), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405286259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053164084","display_name":"Shigenori Fujikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-0191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-0191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287645","display_name":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05r6g1d09","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405287645"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigenori Fujikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7902-0191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405287645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080969791","display_name":"Artem Kulachenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-2250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-2250"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Artem Kulachenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology","Material and Structural Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics","Material and Structural Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-2250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material and Structural Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material and Structural Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045307","display_name":"Olena Sevastyanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-0350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-0350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124641","display_name":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039qvmf95","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673","https://openalex.org/I4210124641","https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olena Sevastyanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","KTH Royal Institute of Technology","Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-0350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041469461","https://openalex.org/A5080969791"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925","https://openalex.org/I4405286259","https://openalex.org/I4405287645","https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":1.3771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78403418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"42","first_page":"17837","last_page":"17845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.8960000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10610","display_name":"Advanced Cellulose Research Studies","score":0.09929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membranes","display_name":"proton exchange membranes","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kraft-pulp","display_name":"kraft pulp","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-conductivity","display_name":"proton conductivity","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carboxyl-groups","display_name":"carboxyl groups","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-nitrogen-selectivity","display_name":"hydrogen/nitrogen selectivity","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cell-membranes","display_name":"fuel cell membranes","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.8536999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.6535999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83608634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252108","display_name":"Softwood","level":2,"score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.6161999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6062999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99148416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755609","display_name":"Kraft paper","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817","display_name":"Lignin","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2266509","display_name":"Hardwood","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146262","display_name":"Polysulfone","level":3,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780965675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145958","display_name":"Polyimide","level":3,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172?ref=article_openPDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502047864","display_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","issn_l":"2168-0485","issn":["2168-0485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172","pdf_url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c05172?ref=article_openPDF","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2502047864","display_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","issn_l":"2168-0485","issn":["2168-0485"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8485000133514404},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2503178610","display_name":"Concurrent multiscale micromechanical modelling of fiber networks","funder_award_id":"2023-04427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2560759581","display_name":"Study of molecular interfaces in polymer thin-film composite membranes for the efficient gas separations","funder_award_id":"22K04806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415249286.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415249286.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1126802295","https://openalex.org/W1965508165","https://openalex.org/W1973323732","https://openalex.org/W2018026336","https://openalex.org/W2022353023","https://openalex.org/W2091218781","https://openalex.org/W2094255943","https://openalex.org/W2099805390","https://openalex.org/W2105734453","https://openalex.org/W2315208197","https://openalex.org/W2461921020","https://openalex.org/W2886823755","https://openalex.org/W2890946220","https://openalex.org/W2998265073","https://openalex.org/W3038314016","https://openalex.org/W3108566874","https://openalex.org/W3118918678","https://openalex.org/W3123098686","https://openalex.org/W3159428001","https://openalex.org/W4283583353","https://openalex.org/W4295997676","https://openalex.org/W4362582728","https://openalex.org/W4388618951","https://openalex.org/W4388979752","https://openalex.org/W4403845530","https://openalex.org/W4405364575","https://openalex.org/W4408867459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202035635","https://openalex.org/W4408142531","https://openalex.org/W2890946220","https://openalex.org/W7163818413","https://openalex.org/W7125497854","https://openalex.org/W4307687915","https://openalex.org/W4210305096","https://openalex.org/W7215847542","https://openalex.org/W4403390991","https://openalex.org/W4221015009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"Resolution":[1],"Image":[2],"Download":[3],"MS":[4],"PowerPoint":[5],"Slide":[6],"Biobased":[7],"alternatives":[8],"to":[9,18,53,69,82,106,120,191],"synthetic":[10],"perfluorinated":[11],"proton":[12,66,84,115],"exchange":[13],"membranes":[14,60,112,128,162],"(PEMs)":[15],"are":[16],"needed":[17],"advance":[19],"sustainable":[20,189],"energy":[21],"systems.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"evaluates":[25],"lignin-containing":[26],"microfibrillated":[27,55],"cellulose":[28,56],"(LMFC)":[29],"as":[30,187],"a":[31,188],"material":[32],"for":[33,147,171],"PEMs.":[34],"We":[35],"produced":[36],"LMFC":[37,59,80,111,127,159],"from":[38],"unbleached":[39],"softwood":[40],"and":[41,47,65,91,110,152,160],"hardwood":[42],"kraft":[43],"pulps":[44],"containing":[45],"11%":[46],"14%":[48],"klason":[49],"lignin,":[50],"respectively.":[51],"Compared":[52],"lignin-free":[54],"(MFC)":[57],"membrane,":[58],"showed":[61],"enhanced":[62],"mechanical":[63],"properties":[64],"conductivity":[67,85,100,116],"due":[68,105],"its":[70],"retained":[71],"lignin":[72],"content.":[73],"The":[74,179],"presence":[75],"of":[76],"carboxyl":[77],"groups":[78],"in":[79,158,175],"led":[81],"doubled":[83],"versus":[86],"MFC":[87,109,161],"under":[88,123],"varied":[89],"temperatures":[90,118],"high":[92,124,145],"humidity":[93,125],"conditions.":[94,126],"While":[95],"conventional":[96,192],"PEMs":[97],"show":[98],"significant":[99],"loss":[101,174],"above":[102,132],"80":[103],"\u00b0C":[104,122],"dehydration,":[107],"both":[108],"demonstrated":[113],"increasing":[114],"at":[117],"up":[119],"120":[121],"exhibited":[129],"tensile":[130],"strength":[131],"220":[133],"MPa":[134],"with":[135],"Young\u2019s":[136],"modulus":[137],"exceeding":[138],"12":[139],"GPa.":[140],"Gas":[141],"transport":[142],"tests":[143],"revealed":[144],"selectivity":[146],"H":[148,153],"2":[149,151,154,156,164,166],"/N":[150,165],"/O":[155],"pairs":[157],"(\u03b1(H":[163],")":[167],"\u2248":[168],"210),":[169],"essential":[170],"preventing":[172],"fuel":[173],"practical":[176],"PEM":[177,193],"applications.":[178],"achieved":[180],"property":[181],"ranges":[182],"convincingly":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"LMFC\u2019s":[185],"potential":[186],"alternative":[190],"materials.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}