{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415101281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.08968","title":"CIPHERMATCH: Accelerating Homomorphic Encryption-Based String Matching via Memory-Efficient Data Packing and In-Flash Processing","display_name":"CIPHERMATCH: Accelerating Homomorphic Encryption-Based String Matching via Memory-Efficient Data Packing and In-Flash Processing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415101281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.08968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.08968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08968","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.08968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.08968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kabra, Mayank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kabra, Mayank","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044716557","display_name":"Rakesh Nadig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-2323"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadig, Rakesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109026348","display_name":"Harshita Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6704-0473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6704-0473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gupta, Harshita","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083434792","display_name":"Rahul Bera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-1889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-1889"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bera, Rahul","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093670784","display_name":"Manos Frouzakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2536-7082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2536-7082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frouzakis, Manos","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116819642","display_name":"Vamanan Arulchelvan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5623-2376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5623-2376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arulchelvan, Vamanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034835322","display_name":"Yu Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-9427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7754-9427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008354867","display_name":"Haiyu Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7393-4504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7393-4504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao, Haiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008240365","display_name":"Mohammad Sadrosadati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-0175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-0175"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadrosadati, Mohammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050695684","display_name":"Onur Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mutlu, Onur","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.42160001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.42160001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.16830000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.08240000158548355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"homomorphic encryption","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exact-string-matching","display_name":"exact string matching","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-computation-on-encrypted-data","display_name":"secure computation on encrypted data","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-movement-reduction","display_name":"data movement reduction","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8744999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6908000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5921000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7757238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374040","display_name":"String searching algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5008999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32610155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798621","display_name":"Approximate string matching","level":3,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61455927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030529","display_name":"Blossom algorithm","level":3,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.08968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08968","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.08968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.08968","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.08968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2503.08968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2503.08968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08968","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.08968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415101281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415101281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155085959","https://openalex.org/W7203881105","https://openalex.org/W4243064466","https://openalex.org/W4303044656","https://openalex.org/W7160246360","https://openalex.org/W3082244620","https://openalex.org/W3023271296","https://openalex.org/W2965815527","https://openalex.org/W4391127233","https://openalex.org/W4386764044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"encryption":[1,48,101],"(HE)":[2],"allows":[3],"secure":[4,85],"computation":[5],"on":[6],"encrypted":[7,70,151],"data":[8,63,71,106,124,163],"without":[9],"revealing":[10],"the":[11,57,68,95,111,136,179,200],"original":[12],"data,":[13],"providing":[14],"significant":[15],"benefits":[16,137],"for":[17],"privacy-sensitive":[18],"applications.":[19],"Many":[20],"cloud":[21],"computing":[22],"applications":[23],"(e.g.,":[24,117],"DNA":[25,146],"read":[26],"mapping,":[27],"biometric":[28],"matching,":[29],"web":[30],"search)":[31],"use":[32,46,58,112],"exact":[33,86],"string":[34,42,87,147],"matching":[35,43,148],"as":[36],"a":[37,128],"key":[38],"operation.":[39],"However,":[40],"prior":[41],"algorithms":[44],"that":[45,159],"homomorphic":[47,115],"are":[49],"limited":[50],"by":[51,56,126,172,193],"high":[52],"computational":[53],"latency":[54],"caused":[55],"of":[59,113,138],"complex":[60],"operations":[61,116],"and":[62,119,121,149,168,174,189,195],"movement":[64,125],"bottlenecks":[65],"due":[66],"to":[67,82,178,199],"large":[69],"size.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"work,":[75],"we":[76],"provide":[77],"an":[78,103],"efficient":[79],"algorithm-hardware":[80],"codesign":[81],"accelerate":[83],"HE-based":[84],"matching.":[88],"We":[89,134],"propose":[90],"CIPHERMATCH,":[91],"which":[92],"(i)":[93],"reduces":[94,123,169,190],"increase":[96],"in":[97],"memory":[98],"footprint":[99],"after":[100],"using":[102,140],"optimized":[104],"software-based":[105,156,201],"packing":[107,164],"scheme,":[108],"(ii)":[109],"eliminates":[110],"costly":[114],"multiplication":[118],"rotation),":[120],"(iii)":[122],"designing":[127],"new":[129],"in-flash":[130],"processing":[131],"(IFP)":[132],"architecture.":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"CIPHERMATCH":[139,157,184,202],"two":[141],"case":[142],"studies:":[143],"(1)":[144],"Exact":[145],"(2)":[150],"database":[152],"search.":[153],"Our":[154],"pure":[155],"implementation":[158],"uses":[160],"our":[161],"memory-efficient":[162],"scheme":[165],"improves":[166,187],"performance":[167,188],"energy":[170,191],"consumption":[171,192],"42.9X":[173],"17.6X,":[175],"respectively,":[176,197],"compared":[177,198],"state-of-the-art":[180],"software":[181],"baseline.":[182],"Integrating":[183],"with":[185],"IFP":[186],"136.9X":[194],"256.4X,":[196],"implementation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2025-10-13T00:00:00"}
